Bem-estar financeiro percebido como antecedente do bem-estar psicológico: evidências do Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v21i5.21579Palavras-chave:
Bem-estar financeiro, Bem-estar psicológico, Comportamento do consumidor, Conhecimento financeiro, Escassez de recursos, Macromarketing, Perda de rendaResumo
Objetivo: Este estudo investiga como a relação entre o bem-estar financeiro percebido e o bem-estar psicológico é influenciada pela perda de renda no contexto das condições econômicas e sociais adversas resultantes da pandemia de Covid-19.
Método: Uma pesquisa realizada com 959 respondentes brasileiros permitiu que as hipóteses de pesquisa fossem testadas por meio de modelos de equações estruturais multigrupo.
Originalidade/Relevância: Indivíduos que relataram ter sofrido maiores perdas de renda também relataram níveis mais baixos de bem-estar financeiro e psicológico. Entre os preditores de bem-estar psicológico que testamos, a segurança financeira futura esperada é o mais importante.
Resultados: Nossos achados mostram que, após controlar por gênero, idade e renda, o estresse da gestão de dinheiro atual e a segurança financeira futura esperada (as dimensões presente e futura do bem-estar financeiro percebido, respectivamente), mas não o conhecimento financeiro, são estatisticamente significantes para explicar o bem-estar psicológico.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O papel do conhecimento financeiro para predizer o bem-estar financeiro fica fragilizado na presença das variáveis psicológicas investigadas, o que tem implicações importantes para os esforços de educação financeira. Bancos e outras instituições financeiras podem criar ferramentas para aumentar a consciência pessoal e a responsabilidade sobre o futuro financeiro de uma pessoa.
Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: As implicações gerenciais e sociais incluem o fornecimento de conhecimento que pode permitir que programas de educação financeira, intervenções de capacitação econômica e políticas públicas destinadas a reduzir o impacto negativo da tensão financeira no bem-estar financeiro percebido sejam mais bem direcionados.
Referências
Achtziger, A., Hubert, M., Kenning, P., Raab, G., & Reisch, L. (2015). Debt out of control: The links between self-control, compulsive buying, and real debts. Journal of Economic Psychology, 49, 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.04.003
Bearden, W. O., & Wilder, R. P. (2007). Household life-cycle effects on consumer wealth for the recently retired. Journal of Macromarketing, 27(4), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146707307142
Boyce, C. J., Wood, A. M., Banks, J., Clark, A. E., & Brown, G. D. A. (2013). Money, well-being, and loss aversion: Does an income loss have a greater effect on well-being than an equivalent income gain? Psychological Science, 24(12), 2557–2562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613496436
Brüggen, E. C., Hogreve, J., Holmlund, M., Kabadayi, S., Löfgren, M. (2017). Financial well-being: A conceptualization and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 79, 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.013
Campbell, M. C., Inman, J. J., Kirmani, A., & Price, L. L. (2020). In times of trouble: A framework for understanding consumers’ responses to threats. Journal of Consumer Research, 47(3), 311–326. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaa036
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
Cordeiro, R. A., Wong, N., & Ponchio, M. C. (2019). A gift economy perspective on the cycle of financial vulnerability. Journal of Macromarketing, 39(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146718808569
D’Ambrosio, C., Jäntti, M., & Lepinteur, A. (2020). Money and happiness: Income, wealth and subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 148, 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02186-w
DeQuero-Navarro, B., Stanton, J., & Klein, T. A. (2021). A panoramic review of the macromarketing literature. Journal of Macromarketing, 41(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146720949636
Dholakia, U., Tam, L., Yoon, S., & Wong, N. (2016). The ant and the grasshopper: Understanding personal saving orientation of consumers. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(1), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucw004
Donnelly, G., Iyer, R., & Howell, R. T. (2012). The Big Five personality traits, material values, and financial well-being of self-described money managers. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(6), 1129–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2012.08.001
Fernandes, D., Lynch Jr., J. G., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2014). Financial literacy, financial education, and downstream financial behaviors. Management Science, 60(8), 1861–1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1849
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Gonçalves, V. N., Ponchio, M. C., & Basílio, R. G. (2021). Women’s financial well‐being: A systematic literature review and directions for future research. International Journal of Consumer Studies, in press. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12673
Greenberg, A. E., & Mogilner, C. (2021). Consumer debt and satisfaction in life. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 27(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000276
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press, New York, NY. 2nd ed.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. 2nd ed.
Hunt, S. (2012). Toward the institutionalization of macromarketing: Sustainable enterprise, sustainable marketing, sustainable development, and the sustainable society. Journal of Macromarketing, 32(4), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146712453331
Iannello, P., Sorgente, A., Lanz, M., & Antonietti, A. (2021). Financial well-being and its relationship with subjective and psychological well-being among emerging adults: Testing the moderating effect of individual differences. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 1385–1411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00277-x
Jahoda, M. (1988). Economic recession and mental health: Some conceptual issues. Journal of Social Issues, 44(4), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02089.x
Kline, R. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press, New York, NY. 4th ed.
Knoll, M. A., & Houts, C. R. (2012). The financial knowledge scale: An application of item response theory to the assessment of financial literacy. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(3), 381–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2012.01241.x
Lee, D.-J., Sirgy, M. J. (2004). Quality-of-life (QOL) marketing: Proposed antecedents and consequences. Journal of Macromarketing, 24(1), 44–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146704263922
Lee, D.-J., Sirgy, M. J., Larsen, V., & Wright, N. D. (2002). Developing a subjective measure of consumer well-being. Journal of Macromarketing, 22(2), 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146702238219
Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2001). Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.114
Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.2307/2334770
Mende, M., & Van Doorn, J. (2015). Coproduction of transformative services as a pathway to improved consumer well-being: Findings from a longitudinal study on financial counseling. Journal of Service Research, 18(3), 351–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670514559001
Netemeyer, R. G., Warmath, D., Fernandes, D., & Lynch Jr., J. G. (2018). How am I doing? Perceived financial well-being, its potential antecedents, and its relation to overall well-being. Journal of Consumer Research, 45(1), 68–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx109
Ng, W. (2015). Processes underlying links to subjective well-being: Material concerns, autonomy, and personality. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 1575–1591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9580-x
Novemsky, N., & Kahneman, D. (2005). The boundaries of loss aversion. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(2), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.42.2.119.62292
Os impactos da Covid-19 no consumo dos brasileiros [The impacts of Covid-19 on Brazilian consumption]. (2020, July 6). Globo. https://gente.globo.com/os-impactos-da-covid-19-no-consumo-dos-brasileiros-2-edicao/#financeiro
Peterson, M. (2006). Identifying quality-of-life priorities for societal development: Using a market orientation to benefit citizens. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146705285682
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Ponchio, M. C., & Aranha, F. (2008). Materialism as a predictor variable of low income consumer behavior when entering into installment plan agreements. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.234
Ponchio, M. C., Cordeiro, R. A., & Gonçalves, V. N. (2019). Personal factors as antecedents of perceived financial well-being: Evidence from Brazil. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(4), 1004–1024. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-03-2018-0077
Prina, S. (2015). Banking the poor via savings accounts: Evidence from a field experiment. Journal of Development Economics, 115(4), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.01.004
Rhemtulla, M., Brosseau-Liard, P., & Savalei, V. (2012). When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 354–373. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029315
Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36.
Ruberton, P. M., Gladstone, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2016). How your bank balance buys happiness: The importance of “cash on hand” to life satisfaction. Emotion, 16(5), 575–580. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000184
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772395
Shapiro, S. J., Tadajewski, M., & Shultz, C. J. (2009). Interpreting macromarketing: The construction of a major macromarketing research collection. Journal of Macromarketing, 29(3), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146709338706
Shim, S., Xiao, J. J., Barber, B. L., & Lyons, A. C. (2009). Pathways to life success: A conceptual model of financial well-being for young adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(6), 708–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.02.003
Sirgy, M.-J. (2021). Macromarketing metrics of consumer well-being: An update. Journal of Macromarketing, 41(1), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146720968096
Steel, P., Taras, V., Uggerslev, K., & Bosco, F. (2018). The happy culture: A theoretical, meta-analytic, and empirical review of the relationship between culture and wealth and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(2), 128–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868317721372
Su, R., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). The development and validation of the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT) and the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 6(3), 251–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12027
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson, Boston, MA. 5th ed.
Tang, M., Wang, D., & Guerrien, A. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis on basic psychological need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in later life: Contributions of self-determination theory. PsyCh Journal, 9(1), 5–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.293
Tay, L., Batz, C., Parrigon, S., & Kuykendall, L. (2017). Debt and subjective well-being: The other side of the income-happiness coin. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18, 903–937.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9758-5
Valiente, C., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., Trucharte, A., Martínez, A. P., & Vázquez, C. (2021). Psychological adjustment in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic: Positive and negative mental health outcomes in the general population. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.7
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
