The golden ratio and the harmonic patterns in nature, arts and architecture

Abstract

The ancient Greeks considered more harmonious and beautiful the rectangles that were in a ratio known as golden. The Greek temple Parthenon, built in the 5th century B.C., is maybe the most emblematic example of this ratio usage revealing their concern to make extremely harmonic architectonic works. This esthetic criterion crossed the centuries and is still adopted by some artists nowadays. Some examples of this ratio usage in nature, arts, architectonic works and in the human body are shown and examined in this work, showing some applications of Geometry in the world around us.