Age as a predictor of anxiety and depression among brazilian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/21.2022.21490Keywords:
Depression, Anxiety, Gender, Pandemic, Cross-sectionalAbstract
Abstract
Objective: To analyze age’s predictive role in anxiety and depression symptoms in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,118 adults. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used. Data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression (p < .05).
Results: Age was a negative predictor of symptoms of anxiety (R2 = 0.03; p < .05; β = –0.18) and depression (R2 = 0.03, p < .05; β = –0.19) among men and a negative predictor of anxiety symptoms (R2 = 0.05, p < .05; β = –0.23) and depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.03; p < .05; (β = –0.17) among women as well.
Conclusion: Age has had an inversely proportional association with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Downloads
References
Werneck GL, Carvalho MS. A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: crônica de uma crise sanitária anunciada. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020;36(5). doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00068820.
Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3899. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113899.
Wei N, Huang B, Lu S, Hu J, Zhou X, Hu C, et al. Efficacy of internet-based integrated intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020;1. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B2010013.
Choi EPH, Hui BPH, Wan EYF. Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3740. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103740.
Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020;44(7):393–401. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/resource/pt/mdl-32299304
Becerra-García JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez T. Psychopathological symptoms during Covid-19 quarantine in spanish general population: a preliminary analysis based on sociodemographic and occupational-contextual factors. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2020;94. doi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32515363/.
Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 epidemic in southwestern China. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res. 2020;26:e924609-1. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924609.
Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España. Cad Saude Publica. 2020;36:e00054020. doi: 10.1590/0102-311x00054020.
Low JG, Wilder-Smith A. Infectious respiratory illnesses and their impact on healthcare workers: a review. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2005;34(1):105–10. doi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15726228/.
Yang Y, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang Y-T. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e19. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30079-1.
Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):300–2. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0.
Malta M, Cardoso LO, Bastos FI, Magnanini MMF, Silva CMFP. STROBE initiative: guidelines on reporting observational studies. Rev Saude Publica. 2010;44:559–65. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102010000300021.
Hair Júnior JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Sant’Anna MGAS. Análise Multivariada de Dados. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2014.
Botega NJ, Bio MR, Zomignani MA, Garcia Júnior C, Pereira WAB. Transtornos do humor em enfermaria de clínica médica e validação de escala de medida (HAD) de ansiedade e depressão. Rev Saude Publica. 1995;29:359–63. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89101995000500004.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1988.
Maia BR, Dias PC. Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: the impact of COVID-19. Estud Psicol. 2020;37. doi: 10.1590/1982-0275202037e200067.
Castro MC, Carvalho LR, Chin T, Kahn R, Franca GVA, Macario EM, et al. Demand for hospitalization services for COVID-19 patients in Brazil. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20047662.
Wolrd Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 174 - july, 12th 2020. 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports.
Oliveira WK, Duarte E, França GVA, Garcia LP. How Brazil can hold back COVID-19. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2020;29(2):1-8. doi: 10.5123/s1679-49742020000200023.
Brooke J, Jackson D. Older people and COVID‐19: Isolation, risk and ageism. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29:2044-6. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15274.
WHO. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.
González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos MÁ, Saiz J, López-Gómez A, Ugidos C, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:172–6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040.
Ahmed MZ, Ahmed O, Aibao Z, Hanbin S, Siyu L, Ahmad A. Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated Psychological Problems. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;102092. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102092.
Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;112954. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.
Lim GY, Tam WW, Lu Y, Ho CS, Zhang MW, Ho RC. Prevalence of depression in the community from 30 countries between 1994 and 2014. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21243-x.
Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
Kose T. Gender, income and mental health: The Turkish case. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0232344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232344.
Taporoski TP, Negrão AB, Horimoto ARVR, Duarte NE, Alvim RO, Oliveira CM, et al. Shared genetic factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in a Brazilian family-based Cohort, the Baependi Heart Study. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0144255. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144255.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Conscientiae Saúde
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
O(s) autor(es) autoriza(m) a publicação do texto na revista;
O(s) autor(es) garantem que a contribuição é original e inédita e que não está em processo de avaliação em outra(s) revista(s);
A revista não se responsabiliza pelas opiniões, idéias e conceitos emitidos nos textos, por serem de inteira responsabilidade de seu(s) autor(es);
É reservado aos editores o direito de proceder a ajustes textuais e de adequação às normas da publicação;
Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional;
Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado;
Em virtude de aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais.
