The Adoption of Open Innovation in the Internationalization Strategy of Emerging-Market Multinational Enterprises
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/gep.v3i3.126Keywords:
Open Innovation, R&D Internationalization, Emerging-Market Multinationals.Abstract
The process of internationalization of enterprises in emergent-economy countries has been intensified due to the increasing relevance of these economies in the global scenario. This fact can be verified by the increase of the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) flux coming from emerging-market enterprises. In spite of the similarities with traditional enterprises, the literature points that emerging multinational enterprises make use of differentiated strategies to plan the course of action beyond their country borders. From this perspective, this exploratory study analyses the processes of vertical integration and unbundling of companies in this scenario focusing, above all, the current shift in the innovation paradigm known as open innovation. In this sense, this study performs an analysis of the strategy of emergent multinational enterprises, as well as the role of their subsidiaries, in order to comprehend how the dispersion of R&D activities is done throughout their process of internationalization, and more particularly in Brazilian companies. The study shows, by means of comparisons of theoretical works, that open innovation constitutes a competitive advantage for the emergent multinational corporations that adopt it in the strategies of internationalization of R&D activities, but that, apparently, Brazilian enterprises are not taking the full potential out of it.References
Ambos, T., Ambos, B.; Schlegelmilch, B. (2006)Learning from foreign subsidiaries: An empirical investigation of headquarters benefits from reverse knowledge transfers, International Business Review, Vol. 15, No.3, pp.294-312.
Andersson, U.; Forsgren, M. (1996)Subsidiary Embeddedness and control in the multinational corporation, International Business Review, Vol.5, pp.487-508.
Andersson, U., Forsgren, M.; Holm, U. (2001)Subsidiary Embeddedness and Competence Development, in MNCs A Multi-Level Analysis. Organization Studies, Vol. 22, pp. 1013-1034.
Bartlett, C. A.; Ghoshal, S. (2000) Going Global: Lessons from Late Movers,Harvard Business Review, March-April 2000.
Birkinshaw, J.; Hood, N.; Jonsson (1998)Building Firm-Specific Advantages in Multinational Corporations: The Role of Subsidiary Initiative, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 221-241.
Birkinshaw, J.M.: Morrison, A.J. (1995)Configurations of strategy and structure in subsidiaries of multinational corporations, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 26, pp. 729-753.
Borini, F.; Oliveira JR. M.M. ; Silveira, F.S. (2012)The Reverse Transfer of Innovation of Foreign Subsidiaries of Brazilian Multinationals,European Management Journal, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 219–231.
Borini, F. M. (2008) Transferência, desenvolvimento e reconhecimento de Competências organizacionais em subsidiárias estrangeiras de Empresas multinacionais brasileiras, Tese deDoutorado, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo.
Brasil (2005) Lei 11.196, de 21 de novembro de 2005, capítulo III:Institui incentivos à inovação tecnológica.
Chandler Jr., A.D. (1990) Scale and scope: the dynamics of industrial capitalism Harvard University Press.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2003) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating And Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business School Press.
Chesbrough, H.W., Appleyard, M. M. (2007) Open innovation and strategy, California Management Review, Vol. 50. No.1, pp. 57–76.
Chesbrough, H.W.; Vanhaverbeke, W.; West, J. (eds.) (2006) Open innovation: researching a new paradigm, Oxford University Press.
Chiesa, V. (1996).Managing the internationalization of R&D activities, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, pp. 7–23.
Chiesa, V. (2000) Global R&D Project Management and Organization: a taxonomy, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 17; No.5, pp. 341-359.
Ciabuschi, F.; Dellestrand, H.; Martín, N. O. (2011) Internal embeddedness, headquarters involvement, and innovation importance in multinational enterprises, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 48, No.7.
Dahlander, L.; Gann, D.M. (2010) How open is innovation?, Research Policy, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp.699-709.
Dunning, J. H. (1988) The eclectic paradigm of international production: a restatement and some possible extensions, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 1-31.
Ernst, D. (2005) Complexity and internationalisation of innovation—why is chip design moving toAsia?, International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 47-73.
Ferdows, K. (1997) Making the most of foreign factories, Harvard Business Review, New York,Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 73-88.
Frost, T.; Birkinshaw, J.; Ensign, P. (2002) Centers of Excellence in Multinational Corporations.Strategic Management Journal,Vol.23, pp. 997-1018.
Gammeltoft, P. (2005)Internationalization of R&D: trends; drivers and managerial challenges,Proceedings of the Druid Summer Conference on Dynamics of Industry and Innovation: Organizations,Networks and System, Vol. 10.
Gassmann, O.; Enkel, E. (2004) Towards a theory of open innovation: three core process archetypes, Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, July 6-9, 2004.
Gassmann, O.; Enkel, E.; Chesbrough, H.W. (2010) The future of open innovation, R&D Management, Vol. 40, No.3, pp.213-221.
Gassmann, O.; Von Zedwitz. (1999)New Concepts and Trends in International R&D Organization, Research Policy, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 231-250.
Gil, A.C. (2002) Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa, 4ª edição, Ed. Atlas.
Gupta, A.; Govindarajan, V. (1991) Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations,Academy of Management Review, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 768-792.
Gupta, A.; Govindarajan, V. (1994)Organizing for Knowledge Flows within MNCs, International Business Review, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 443-457.
Hakanson, L.; Nobel, R..(2001) Organizational Characteristics and Reverse Technology Transfer,Management International Review, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp.395- 420.
Hansen, M. T.; Birkinshaw, J. (2007) The Innovation Value Chain, Harvard Business Review, June 2007.
Johanson, J.; Valhne, J.E. (2003)Business Relationship Learning and Commitment in the internationalization Process, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1, No.1, pp.83-101.
Kuemmerle, W. (1997) Building effective R&D capabilities abroad,Harvard Business Review , Vol. 75, No.2, pp. 61–70.
Luo, Y; Tung, R. L. (2007) International expansion of emerging market enterprises: A springboard perspective, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 481-498.
Mathews, J. (2006) Dragon Multinationals: New Players in the 21stCentury. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 2-27.
Mudambi; Navarra, P. (2004)Is knowledge power? Knowledge flows, subsidiary power and rent-seeking within MNCs,Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 35, No.5, pp.385-406,
OCDE. (2008) Open Innovation in Global Networks, Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico.
OCDE; Eurostat(2005) Manual de Oslo – Diretrizes para coleta e interpretação de dados sobre inovação, 3ª edição, Finep, 2006.
Oliveira JR. M.; Borine, F. M. (2009) Gestão de Subsidiárias,GV Executivo, Vol.8,No. 2,Ago/Dez 2009.
Pearce, R., Papanastassiou, M. (1999)Overseas R&D and the strategic evolution of EMNEs: evidence from laboratories in the UK.Research Policy, No. 28, pp. 23-41.
Porto, G.; Galina, S. (2008). Relatório Técnico GINEBRA (Gestão Empresarial para a Internacional de Empresas Brasileiras). Sub-projeto 4 – Gestão e P&D internacional,Elaborado para a Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa de São Paulo, FAPESP.
Prospectiva (2009) A Internacionalização das Atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento e o Brasil nas Redes Globais de Inovação, Estudo informativo disponível em http://www.interfarma.org.br. Acesso em 18 de junho de 2012.
Ronstadt, R.C. (1977) Research and Development Abroad by U.S. Multinationals. New York: Praeger.
Schumpeter, J.A. (1911) The theory of economic development, Cambridge, Harvard University. 1957.
Schumpeter, J.A. (1939) Business cycles: a theoretical, historical and statistical analysis of the capitalist process, Porcupine, 1989.
Schumpeter, J.A. (1943) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy George Allen &Unwin Ltd.
Sturgeon, T. J. (1997) Does manufacturing still matter? The organization delinking of production from innovation, International Conference on New Product Development and Production Networks, Berlin.
UNCTAD.(2005) World Investment Report 2005, United Nations, Geneva.
Yamin, M.; Otto, J. (2004) Patterns of Knowledge Flows and MNE Innovative Performance, Journal of International Management, Vol. 10, pp. 239-258.
Zander, I. (1999) How do you mean ‘global’? An empirical investigation of innovation networks in the multinational corporation,Research Policy,Vol.28, pp. 195–213, 1999.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
- Abstract 300
- PDF (Português (Brasil)) 206