Modelos de negocio en la industria del fitness: desde la cadena de franquicia tradicional a la fitness boutique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v11i1.18287Palabras clave:
Configuraciones del fitness, Experiencia del servicio, Fitness boutique, Industria del fitness, Modelos de negocioResumen
Objetivo del estudio: Los centros de fitness o “gimnasios” representan una necesidad real para los seres humanos dentro de las rutinas de la vida diaria en todo el mundo. A través de un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura se quiere llegar a definir el concepto de la fitness boutique por medio del análisis del estado actual de las publicaciones científicas al respecto de las configuraciones/esquemas de negocios y durante la línea de tiempo de la industria del fitness posmoderna.
Metodología: Tres principales bases de datos se han utilizados para conseguir los hallazgos: ISI-WoS, Scopus y SportDiscus. Se utilizó la siguiente combinación de búsqueda: el término “fitness” intersectado con “chain”, “studio” y “franchise”.
Originalidad/Relevancia: Los resultados se han ordenado según tres áreas temáticas: (1) franquicia: de 1ª a 2ª generación; (2) la “esencia” boutique; y (3) respuestas sociales.
Resultados principales: Se han enumerado las ocho (8) principales características cualitativas inmateriales obtenidas del modelo de boutique del fitness.
Contribuciones teóricas/metodológicas: La investigación señala cómo la industria evolucionó con sus propios modelos de negocio/mercado durante la línea de tiempo más reciente.
Contribuciones sociales/gerenciales: Este estudio podría (1) ayudar de igual forma a investigadores y profesionales a familiarizarse con el alcance de los trabajos más relevantes publicados en las bases de datos de deportes y ocio, y (2) a comprender todos los secretos y éxitos cualitativos de los esquemas de franquicia dentro del campo del fitness.
Descargas
Citas
Addolorato, S. (2018a). Product or Service Tangible and Intangible Variables: the Creation of the Fitness Application 'Punnett Square' (FAPS). SPORT TK: Revista Euroamericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 7(2) (Supl. 2), 9-16.
Addolorato, S. (2018b). ¿Franchising? Tu centro fitness de confianza. bodyLIFE Spain, 1, 56-59 http://findglocal.com/ES/Barcelona/144151625671922/body-LIFE-Espa%C3%B1a.
Addolorato, S., García-Fernández, J., Gallardo, L., & García-Unanue, J. (2020). An Overview of the Origins and Effectiveness of Commercial Fitness Equipment and Sectoral Corporate Settings: A Critical Review of Literature. Applied Sciences, 10(4), 1534.
Addolorato, S., García-Unanue, J., Gallardo, L., & García-Fernández, J. (2021). Do Scientific Approaches Lead to Innovative Social Entrepreneurial Ventures? The Relationship between Fitness Equipment and Stages of Life. In Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Sport Management. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Andreasson, J., & Johansson, T. (2016). ‘Doing for Group Exercise what McDonald's did for Hamburgers’: Les Mills, and the Fitness Professional as Global Traveller. Sport, Education and Society, 21(2), 148-165.
Andreasson, J., & Johansson, T. (2018). Glocalised Fitness: The Franchising of a Physical Movement, Fitness Professionalism and Gender. Leisure/Loisir, 42(3), 301-321.
Annavarapu, S. (2018). Consuming Wellness, Producing Difference: The Case of a Wellness Center in India. Journal of Consumer Culture, 18(3), 414-432.
Atkinson, R., & Flint, J. (2001). Accessing Hidden and Hard-to-reach Populations: Snowball Research Strategies. Social Research Update, 33(1), 1-4.
Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees. The Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 57-71.
Brown, T. C., & Fry, M. D. (2014). Motivational Climate, Staff and Members' Behaviors, and Members' Psychological Well-being at a National Fitness Franchise. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85(2), 208-217.
Chung Yuan, B. J., Liu, C. Y., Kao, K. M., & Hsu, Y. C. (2009). Entrepreneurship and Innovation Process in the Health Industry in Taiwan, European Business Review, 21(5), 453-471.
Clark, H. D., Wells, G. A., Huët, C., McAlister, F. A., Salmi, L. R., Fergusson, D., & Laupacis, A. (1999). Assessing the Quality of Randomized Trials: Reliability of the Jadad Scale. Controlled Clinical Trials, 20(5), 448-452.
Dawson, M. C. (2017). CrossFit: Fitness Cult or Reinventive Institution?. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 52(3), 361-379.
De Lyon, A. T., Neville, R. D., & Armour, K. M. (2017). The Role of Fitness Professionals in Public Health: A Review of the Literature. Quest, 69(3), 313-330.
Edgley, C. (2006). The Fit and Healthy Body: Consumer Narratives and the Management of Postmodern Corporeity. Body/embodiment: Symbolic Interaction and the Sociology of the Body, 231-245.
Fallon, J. (2004). New Thinking on Health and Fitness. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 3(4), 307-313.
Felstead, A., Fuller, A., Jewson, N., Kakavelakis, K., & Unwin, L. (2007). Grooving to the Same Tunes? Learning, Training and Productive Systems in the Aerobics Studio. Work, Employment and Society, 21(2), 189-208.
Franco, M. R., Tong, A., Howard, K., Sherrington, C., Ferreira, P. H., Pinto, R. Z., & Ferreira, M. L. (2015). Older people's Perspectives on Participation in Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Literature. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(19), 1268-1276.
García-Fernández, J., Gálvez-Ruiz, P., Sánchez-Oliver, A. J., Fernández-Gavira, J., Pitts, B. G., & Grimaldi-Puyana, M. (2020a). An Analysis of New Social Fitness Activities: Loyalty in Female and Male CrossFit users. Sport in Society, 23(2), 204-221.
García-Fernández, J., Gálvez-Ruiz, P., Grimaldi-Puyana, M., Angosto, S., Fernández-Gavira, J., & Bohórquez, M. R. (2020b). The Promotion of Physical Activity from Digital Services: Influence of E-lifestyles on Intention to Use Fitness Apps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6839.
Gillis, W., & Castrogiovanni, G. J. (2012). The Franchising Business Model: An Entrepreneurial Growth Alternative. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 75-98.
Glassner, B. (1989). Fitness and the Postmodern Self. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 180-191.
Hurley, T. (2004). Managing Customer Retention in the Health and Fitness Industry: A Case of Neglect. Irish Marketing Review, 17(1/2), 23-29.
International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association (2016). IHRSA's Guide to the Boutique Studio Phenomenon. Boston, MA: IHRSA.
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996). Assessing the Quality of Reports of Randomized Clinical Trials: Is blinding necessary?. Controlled Clinical Trials, 17(1), 1-12.
Knorr Cetina, K. (2000). Postsocial Theory. In: Ritzer G. and Smart B. (Ed.). Handbook of Social Theory. London: Sage, 520-537.
Liu, L. (2014). Research on the Development Strategies of the Urban Fitness Coaches in Qingdao. Asian Social Science, 10(11), 225-232.
Lloyd, C. (2005). Competitive Strategy and Skills: Working Out the Fit in the Fitness Industry. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(2), 15-34.
Luna-Aroca, R., & Li-Ping Tang, T. (2005). The Use of Cluster Analysis to Segment Clients of a Sport Center in Spain. European Sport Management Quarterly, 5(4), 381-413.
MacIntosh, E. W., & Walker, M. (2012). Chronicling the Transient Nature of Fitness Employees: An Organizational Culture Perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 26(2), 113-126.
Maconachie, G., & Sappey, J. (2013). Flexing Some Muscle: Strategy and Outcomes in the Queensland Health and Fitness Industry. Journal of Industrial Relations, 55(1), 136-154.
Martínez Lemos, I., & González-Sastre, B. (2016). The Spanish Fitness Market: An Exploratory Study of the Economic Profile of this Low-cost Segment. CCD. Cultura_Ciencia_Deporte. 文化-科技-体育, 11(33), 197-206.
Mawson, L. M. (1993). Total Quality Management: Perspectives for Sports Managers. Journal of Sport Management, 7(2), 101-106.
Meyer, J., Morrison, J., & Zuniga, J. (2017). The Benefits and Risks of CrossFit: A Systematic Review. Workplace Health & Safety, 65(12), 612-618.
Minton, D. (2018). London Boutique Studio Report. LeisureDB (formerly The Leisure Database Company Ltd).
Morton, R. L., Tong, A., Howard, K., Snelling, P., & Webster, A. C. (2010). The Views of Patients and Carers in Treatment Decision Making for Chronic Kidney Disease: Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. The British Medical Journal, 340, c112.
Ong, A. D., Uchino, B. N., & Wethington, E. (2016). Loneliness and Health in Older Adults: A Mini-review and Synthesis. Gerontology, 62(4), 443-449.
Parrot, D. L. (1996). Whose Business is Fitness?. Journal of Health Care Marketing, 16(3), 44-49.
Parviainen, J. (2011). The Standardization Process of Movement in the Fitness Industry: The Experience Design of Les Mills Choreographies. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 14(5), 526-541.
Polyakova, O., & Ramchandani, G. (2020). Perceived Service Quality among Regular Users of Gyms in Public Sports Centres in the UK. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-20.
Reverter Masia, J., & Barbany Cairo, J. (2007). From the Gym to the Leisure - Health. Centers of Fitness, Fitness Center, Fitness & Wellness, Spa, Thalassotherapy Center. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 4(90), 59-68.
Ruster, J., Yamamoto, C., & Rogo, K. (2003). Franchising in Health: Emerging Models, Experiences, and Challenges in Primary Care.
Salar, M., & Salar, O. (2014). Determining Pros and Cons of Franchising by Using Swot Analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 515-519.
Smith Maguire, J. (2002). Body Lessons: Fitness Publishing and the Cultural Production of the Fitness Consumer. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 37(3-4), 449-464.
Smith Maguire, J. (2007). Fit for Consumption: Sociology and the Business of Fitness. Routledge.
Smith Maguire, J. (2008). Leisure and the Obligation of Self‐work: An Examination of the Fitness Field. Leisure Studies, 27(1), 59-75.
Sternberg, E. (1996). A Case of Iconographic Competition: The Building Industry and the Postmodern Landscape. Journal of Urban Design, 1(2), 145-163.
Surujlal, J., & Dhurup, M. (2012). Establishing and Maintaining Customer Relationships in Commercial Health and Fitness Centers in South Africa. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 3(1), 14-18.
Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research in Systematic Reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 45.
Tawse, E. L., & Keogh, W. (1998). Quality in the Leisure Industry: An Investigation. Total Quality Management, 9(4-5), 219-222.
Trost, J. E. (1986). Statistically Nonrepresentative Stratified Sampling: A Sampling Technique for Qualitative Studies. Qualitative Sociology, 9(1), 54-57.
Valcarce, M. (2016). Sports Business Models: Evolution and Future. In J. García-Fernández (Ed.), Entrepreneurship in the Sport Sector: From the Theory to the Practice (pp. 113-126). Cizur Menor: Aranzadi Thomson Reuters.
Valcarce, M., Cordeiro, C., & García-Fernández, J. (2017). Boutique Report - Spain. Valgo® - Fitness & Sport Management (ISBN: 978-84-697-2492-7).
Wayment, H. A., & McDonald, R. L. (2017). Sharing a Personal Trainer: Personal and Social Benefits of Individualized, Small-group Training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(11), 3137-3145.
Wells, J. R., & Ellsworth, G. (2016). The Quiet Ascension of LA Fitness. (pp. 1-19, Tech. No. 9-717-424). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Williams, A. S., Rhenwrick, I., Wright, B., Choi, W., Kim, D., & Vickey, T. (2014). Building Viable Fitness Brands: Importance of Brand Communication Strategies in Attracting Potential Health Club Members. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation, & Tourism, 15, 49-68.
Winchester, W. W., & Washington, V. (2015). Realizing the Potential of Connected Fitness Technologies: A Case for Systems Engineering Involvement. INSIGHT, 18(4), 38-40.
Yalcinkaya, G., Calantone, R. J., & Griffith, D. A. (2007). An Examination of Exploration and Exploitation Capabilities: Implications for Product Innovation and Market Performance. Journal of International Marketing, 15(4), 63-93.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2008). The Fit Between Product Market Strategy and Business Model: Implications for Firm Performance. Strategic Management Journal, 29(1), 1-26.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The Business Model: Recent Developments and Future Research. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1019-1042.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
