Modelo de medición del razonamiento moral del consumidor en el marketing deportivo: un desarrollo a escala
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v10i3.17182Palabras clave:
Análisis factorial, Marketing, Razonamiento moral, Deporte.Resumen
Objetivo del estudio: El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue la estandarización de un modelo para medir la cantidad de razonamiento moral del consumidor frente al escándalo moral de las celebridades deportivas.
Metodología: Los participantes de esta investigación fueron todos estudiantes de pregrado de educación física y ciencias del deporte en universidades de Irán, y se utilizó un enfoque de método mixto que contiene entrevistas con preguntas abiertas como fase cualitativa y luego análisis factorial confirmatorio como fase cuantitativa para determinar la validez de las herramientas de investigación.
Originalidad: las infracciones de los deportistas patrocinadores se consideran inmorales. En vista de la psicología moral, los sentimientos morales ocurren directa y automáticamente y se busca el razonamiento moral para crear razones morales. El razonamiento moral es una situación en la que los individuos tienden a elegir la información frente a los fenómenos y tratan de obtener su resultado moral.
Resultados principales: Los hallazgos mostraron que la validez y confiabilidad del modelo de medición, adaptado a los hallazgos cualitativos, recibió valores aceptables en comparación con los valores reportados en otros estudios. El modelo de medición de los componentes del razonamiento moral en la estimación estándar, los coeficientes significativos y los parámetros obtenidos del modelo mostraron un buen ajuste del modelo.
Aportes metodológicos: El presente estudio se limitó a la infracción por dopaje de deportistas endosantes y es necesario que otras infracciones que conduzcan a la propaganda negativa y afecten el razonamiento moral del consumidor, como tema de estudio interesante, sean consideradas por otros investigadores.
Contribuciones de managemnet: Debido a la opinión a menudo negativa hacia los atletas dopados antes del razonamiento moral, se sugiere que los contratos de patrocinio sean más estrictos por parte de las empresas y parece más sensato usar celebridades de deportes donde el número de sus pruebas de dopaje positivas es menor y hay pocas posibilidades. de tal violación. En última instancia, considerando las diferentes percepciones de la comunidad deportiva y la población en general sobre el dopaje o cualquier violación, el estudio de las diferencias puede ser de interés para futuros investigadores.
Descargas
Citas
Aronson, E. (1969). The theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 4). New York: Academic Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60075-1
Barbara, H. M., & William, F. (2005). Statistical methods for health care research.
London: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Barkoukis, V., Kartali, K., Lazuras, L., Tsorbatzoudis, H. (2016). Evaluation of an anti-doping intervention for adolescents: Findings from a school-based study. Sport Management Review, 19(1): 23-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.12.003
Bandura, A. (1991). Social Cognitive Theory of Moral Thought and Action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research, and qpplications (Vol. 1), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193-209, https://doi.org/10.1207%2Fs15327957pspr0303_3
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364-374, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364
Baumeister, R. F. (1998). The self. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Bednall, D. H., & Collings, A. (2000). Effect of public disgrace on celebrity endorser value. Australasian Marketing Journal, 8(2), 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3582(00)70190-X
Bhattacharjee, A., Berman, J. Z., & Reed, A. II. (2013). Tip of the hat, wag of the finger: How moral decoupling enables consumers to admire and admonish. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(6), 1167-1184, https://doi.org/10.1086/667786
Burns, N., & Grove. S. K. (1999). Understanding nursing research (2nd edition). Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders Company.
Chin, W.W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. In G.A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ, 295-336.
Clark, V.L.P. and Creswell, J.W. (2008). The Mixed Methods Reader. Sage Publication: 1st Edition.
Copeland, R. and Potwarka, L.R. (2021). Individual and contextual factors in ethical decision making: A case study of the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history. Sport Management Review, 19(1): 61-68, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.08.004
Danaeifar, H., Alvani, S.M., and Azar, A. (2013). Qualitative research methodology in management: a comprehensive approach. Second edition, Eshraghi Safaar publication.
Ditto, P.H., Pizarro, D.A., & Tannenbaum, D. (2009). Motivated moral reasoning. In D. M. Bartels, C. W. Bauman, L. J. Skitka, & D. L. Medin (Eds.), Moral cognition and decision making. San Diego: Elsevier.
Elliot, A.J., & Devine, P.G. (1994). On the motivational nature of cognitive dissonance: Dissonance as psychological discomfort. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 382-394, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.382
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Funk, D.C., & Pritchard, M.P. (2006). Sport publicity: Commitment's moderation of message effects. Journal of Business Research, 59(5), 613-621, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.10.010
Glaser, B. (1992). Basics of grounded theory analysis: Emergence vs forcing. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
Grappi, S., Romani, S., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2013) Consumer response to corporate irresponsible behavior: Moral emotions and virtues. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1814-1821, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.002
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814-834, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814
Harmon-Jones, E. (2000). Cognitive dissonance and experienced negative affect: Evidence that dissonance increases experienced negative affect even in the absence of aversive consequences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(12), 1490-1501, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01461672002612004
Houlihan, B. (2002). Dying to Win: Doping in Sport and the Development of Anti-doping Policy. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2002.
Hur, Y.; Lim, C.H.; Won, D.C.; Kwon, S.Y. (2018). Types of Brand Transgressions and Consumers' Moral Reasoning Strategies on an Endorser. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 27, 275-286, http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/SMQ.274.122018.06
Kidd, R. F., & Berkowitz, L. (1976). Effect of dissonance arousal on helpfulness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(5), 613-622, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.33.5.613
Kotler, P., and Armstrong, G. (2012). Marketing Principles. Treanslated in Persian by Saadi, M.R., and Saleh Ardestani, A., Aylar Publication, 1st edition, p 25-26.
Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480-498, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480 .
Kwak, D. H., Kim, Y. K., & Zimmerman, M. H. (2010). User-versus mainstream-media-generated content: Media source, message valence, and team identification and sport consumers' response. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3(4), 402-421, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.3.4.402
Lee, J.S. (2015). Athlete Endorser’s Transgression and Sport Consumer’s Moral Reasoning Strategy: Moral Coupling and Boundary Conditions. A PhD dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Kinesiology), University of Michigan.
Lee, J. S., & Kwak, D. H. (2015). Consumers’ responses to public figures’ transgression: Moral reasoning strategies and implications for endorsed brands. Journal of Business Ethics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2544-1
Lin, H.F., & Lee, G.G. (2004). Perceptions of senior managers toward knowledge-sharing behavior. Management Decision, 42(1), 108-125, https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740410510181
Lohneiss, A., & Hill, B. (2014). The impact of processing athlete transgressions on brand image and purchase intent. European Sport Management Quarterly, 14(2), 171-193, https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2013.838282
Losch, M. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1990). Cognitive dissonance may enhance sympathetic tonus, but attitudes are changed to reduce negative affect rather than arousal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26(4), 289-304, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/0022-1031(90)90040-S
Manouchehri, J. (2019). Measuring Model of Consumer’s Moral Emotions in Sport Marketing: A Scale Development. Journal of Marketing Management, 43: 75-89.
Manouchehri, J. (2021). The Consequences of Endorser’s Doping Scandal in Sport Marketing. Sport Management Studies, https://dx.doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2019.6875.2438
Manouchehri, J., Hamidi, M., Sajadi, S.N., & Honari, H. (2021). Designing a Qualitative Model of Doping Phenomenon Effect on Sport Marketing in Iran. Sport Management, 0(0): 000-000. (In Publishing).
Manouchehri. J. and Tojari, F. (2014). Foundamental of Doping Psychology in Sport. Hatmi Publication in cooperation with the Sport and Youth Ministry of Iran, 10-14.
Martinie, M. A., Olive, T., Milland, L., Joule, R. V., & Capa, R. L. (2013). Evidence that dissonance arousal is initially undifferentiated and only later labeled as negative. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 767-770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.003
Matos, C.A., and Veiga, R.T. (2005). How to Deal with Negative Publicity: the Importance of Consumer Involvement. Brazilian Administration Review, 2 (1): 57-72, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-76922005000100005
Moston, S., Skinner, J. & Engelberg, T. (2012). Perceived incidence of drug use in Australian sport: a survey of public opinion. Sport in Society, 15 (1), 64-77, https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2011.625277
Newman, K.P.; Brucks, M. (2018). The influence of corporate social responsibility efforts on the moral behavior of high self-brand overlap consumers. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28, 253–271, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1027
Overbye, M. (2016). Doping control in sport: An investigation of how elite athletes perceive and trust the functioning of the doping testing system in their sport. Sport Management Review, 19(1): 6-22, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.10.002
Paharia, N., Vohs, K. D., & Deshpande, R. (2013). Sweatshop labor is wrong unless the shoes are cute: Cognition can both help and hurt moral motivated reasoning. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121, 81–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.01.001
Perron, L. (2009, June 6). Should NFL give Vick a second chance? Reuter. Retrieved from http://blogs.reuters.com/sport/2009/06/06/should-nfl-give-vick-a-second-chance/?cp=all#comments
Reeth, D.V., & Lagae, W. (2013). Public opinion on doping in cycling: differences among population groups. Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfswetenschappen Campus Brussel (Hubrussel).
Rhodewalt, F., & Comer, R. (1979). Induced-compliance attitude change: Once more with feeling. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15(1), 35-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(79)90016-7
Soheili, B., & Manoucehri, J. (2020). Predicting Spectators' Involvement in Professional Football: The Role of Core Product Quality and Service Quality. Sport Management Studies, 12(60): 217-36, https://dx.doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2019.6888.2445
Solberg, H.A., Hanstad, D.V., & Thöring, T.A. (2010). Doping in elite sport, do the fans care? Public opinion on the consequences of doping scandals. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 11 (3), 185-199, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-03-2010-B002
Stamm, H., Lamprecht, M., Kamber, M., Marti, B. & Mahler, N. (2008). The public perception of doping in sport in Switzerland, 1995-2004. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26 (3), 235-242, https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701552914
Straub, D.W. (1989). Validating instruments in MIS research. MIS Quarterly, 13(2), 147-69, https://doi.org/10.2307/248922
Strauss, A., Corbin, J. (1992). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3): 382-384.
Tashakkori, A. and Creswell, J.W. (2007). The New Era of Mixed Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1:3, https://doi.org/10.1177/2345678906293042
Till, B. D., & Shimp, T. A. (1998). Endorsers in advertising: The case of negative celebrity information. Journal of Advertising, 27(1), 67-82, https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1998.10673543
Thomson, M. (2006). Human brands: Investigating antecedents to consumers’ strong attachments to celebrities. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 104-119, https://doi.org/10.1509%2Fjmkg.70.3.104
Thomson, M., MacInnis, D. J., & Park, C. H. (2005). The ties that bind: Measuring the strength of consumers’ emotional attachments to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(1), 77-91, https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1501_10
Tsang, J. (2002). Moral rationalization and the integration of situational factors and psychological processes in immoral behavior. Review of General Psychology, 6(1), 25-50, https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.1.25
Um, N. (2013). Celebrity scandal fallout: How attribution style can protect the sponsor. Psychology & Marketing, 30(6), 529-541, https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20625
Von Schuckmann, J., Barros, L.S.G., Dias, R.S., Andrade, E.B. (2018). From slum tourism to smiley selfies: The role of social identity strength in the consumption of morally ambiguous experiences. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28, 192–210, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1016
Wheeler, K. (2009, December 9). Tiger Woods scandal update: Fans on Woods' website leave comments of disapproval, support for Elin. Examiner.com. Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/tiger-woods-scandal-update-fans-on-woods-website-leave-comments-of-disapproval-support-for-elin
Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. (1974). Dissonance and the pill: An attribution approach to studying the arousal properties of dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(5), 703-709, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0036651
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.