What do we know about the relationship of women with adventure tourism and ecotourism?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v11i1.19545

Keywords:

Nature, Social development, Sexism, Female participation, Feminism.

Abstract

Objective of the study: this articles main objective is to understand the scientific production that addresses the relationship of women with adventure tourism and ecotourism, guiding the development on the subject.
Methodology/approach: analysis of 43 scientific articles, found in the SciVerse Scopus® database, from 1998 to June 2020, using bibliometrics as a methodology with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ® software.
Originality/relevance: gender inequalities are obstacles to the development of a more just society, however this problem is still reflected even in the segments considered to be more sustainable within tourism, such as adventure and ecotourism. With that problem in mind, the importance of understanding the relationship of women with these segments became clear.
Main results: it was possible to perceive that the theme is ascending, with the majority of studies using a qualitative approach and having been published in several international impact journals. The found studies identify benefits and barriers, still to be overcome, within these segments for women. Another result was the relevance of agritourism, which appeared in several studies. The issues of gender equality, the role of women and the experience of women are highlighted in the theme.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: presents a complete analysis of scientific productions on the relationship of women with adventure tourism and ecotourism, demonstrating main aspects and gaps, serving as a basis for the development of knowledge in the area and contributing to an agenda for future studies.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Ivaneli Schreinert dos Santos, Universidade de São Paulo

Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-graduação em Turismo da Universidade de São Paulo. Mestra em Agronegócios pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2020). Engenheira Agrônoma pela Universidade Federal do Pelotas (2017) e Bacharela em Turismo pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas (2012). Atuou em projetos de pesquisa, ensino e extensão nessas instituições. Pesquisa na área de turismo, com temas associados a natureza, meio rural, aventura, gênero e produção do conhecimento, utilizando métodos de abordagens mistas

Amanda Alves Borges, Universidade de São Paulo

É atualmente mestranda do PPGTUR (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo) na USP (2020/2021). Concluiu o Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Gestão de Turismo na Universidade Estadual de Goiás(2015/1 -2017/2). Concluiu o curso Técnico de Guia de Turismo Regional, Nacional e América do Sul pelo Senac (2018/1 - 2019/1). Estuda principalmente o tema Turismo Espiritual, e também tem interesse nos temas: Ecoturismo, Turismo em terras indígenas, e gênero. Conhece 16 das unidades federativas do Brasil e no total 32 países: Alemanha, Argentina, Áustria, Bahamas, Bélgica, Belize, Brasil, Bolívia, Escócia, Espanha, Estados Unidos, França, Grécia, Guatemala, Holanda, Hungria, Inglaterra, Índia, Irlanda do Norte, Irlanda do Sul, Itália, Jamaica, Marrocos, México, Paraguai, País de Gales, Peru, Polônia, Portugal, República Tcheca, Turquia e Vaticano

Pedro Scrivano, Universidade de São Paulo

Mestrando do Programa de Pós Graduação em Turismo pela Escola de Ciências, Artes e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH | USP), com especialização em Gestão de Negócios e Inovação pela FIA Bussiness School (2017) e bacharel em Marketing pela Universidade de São Paulo (EACH | USP)

Otávio Bandeira Lamônica Freire, Universidade de São Paulo (ECA-USP)

É doutor em Gestão da Comunicação pela USP (2009), possui graduação em Comunicação Social - Publicidade e Propaganda pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (1996), especialização em Marketing pela ESPM (1998), mestrado em Comunicação pela Universidade Paulista (2007) e mestrado em Educação pela Universidade de Cuiabá (2002). Atualmente é Professor Doutor referência MS-3 do Curso de Marketing da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo - MKT-EACH/USP, Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração - PPGA-FEA/USP, Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo - PPGTUR-EACH/USP e Professor Colaborador no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação - PPGCOM-ECA/USP. É Editor Associado de Marketing do RAUSP Management Journal. Tem experiência nas áreas de Marketing, Estratégia e Comunicação, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: comportamento do consumidor, marcas, capacidades de marketing, efeitos da propaganda no consumidor e na sociedade.

References

Acharya, B. P., & Halpenny, E. A. (2013). Homestays as an alternative tourism product for sustainable community development: A case study of women-managed tourism product in rural Nepal. Tourism Planning & Development, 10(4), 367-387. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2013.779313

Afenyo, E. A., & Amuquandoh, F. E. (2014). Who benefits from community-based ecotourism development? Insights from TafiAatome, Ghana. Tourism Planning & Development, 11 (2), 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2013.864994

Ariani, D., Zuska, F., Manurung, R., Ismail, R., & Munthe, H. M. (2019). Village woman in sembalun lawang ecotourism area, at the foot of rinjani volcano, east lombok, indonesia. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(12), 1152–1160. https://ijstr.org/research-paper-publishing.php?month=dec2019

Arroyo, C. G., Barbieri, C., Sotomayor, S., & Knollenberg, W. (2019). Cultivating women’s empowerment through agritourism: Evidence from Andean communities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(11), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113058

Bardin, L. (1977). Análise de conteúdo. Edições 70. Belsky, J. (2009). Misrepresenting Communities: The Politics of Community-Based Rural Ecotourism in Gales Point Manatee, Belize. Rural Sociology, 64(4), 641-666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1999.tb00382.x

Besio, K., Johnston, L., & Longhurst, R. (2008). Sexy beasts and devoted mums: Narrating nature through dolphin tourism. Environment and Planning A, 40(5), 1219–1234. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38424

Boley, B. B., Ayscue, E., Maruyama, N., & Woosnam, K. M. (2017). Gender and empowerment: Assessing discrepancies using the resident empowerment through tourism scale. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1177065

Buckley, R., Shekari, F., Mohammadi, Z., Azizi, F., & Ziaee, M. (2020). World heritage tourism triggers urban–rural reverse migration and social change. Journal of Travel Research, 59(3), 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519853048

Camargo, B. V., & Justo, A. M. (2013). IRAMUTEQ: Um software gratuito para análise de dados textuais. Temas Em Psicologia, 21(2), 513–518. https://doi.org/10.9788/tp2013.2-16

Chamberlain, P. (2017). The feminist fourth wave: Affective temporality. Palgrave Macmillan.

Cheng, M., Edwards, D., Darcy, S., & Redfern, K. (2016). A Tri-Method Approach to a Review of Adventure Tourism Literature: Bibliometric Analysis, Content Analysis, and a Quantitative Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(6), 997–1020. https://doi:10.1177/1096348016640588

Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1382–1402. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21525

Cochrane, K. (2014). All the Rebel Women: The rise of the fourth wave of feminism. Guardian Books.

Cole, S. (2006). Information and Empowerment: The keys to achieving sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14 (6), 629-644. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost607.0

Cudmore, B. A., Troshani, A., & McCoy, J. (2009). Entrepreneurial investment in the shkodra region: Opportunities for women in tourism. Entrepreneurial Executive, 14(1), 31–47. https://www.abacademies.org/journals/month-june-year-2009-vol-14-issue-1-journal-ee-past-issue.html

Currie, D. H., & Vernooy, R. (2010). Social and gender analysis in development practice gender, technology and development, 14(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/097185241001400101

Datta, P. B. & Gailey, R. (2012). Empowering women through social entrepreneurship: Case study of women’s cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 36(3), 569-587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00505.x

Díaz-Carrión, I. A. (2014). Ecoturismo y vida cotidiana de las mujeres en Sontecomapan (Veracruz, México). Cuadernos de Turismo, (34), 69–88. http://revistas.um.es/turismo/article/view/203031

Díaz-Carrión, I. A., Vizcaino-Suárez, P., & Gaggiotti, H. (2020). Change within the change: Pregnancy, liminality and adventure tourism in Mexico. Tourism Geographies, 22(2), 370–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1713876

Dilly, B. J. (2003). Gender, culture, and ecotourism: development policies and practices in the guyanese rain forest. Women´s. Studies Quarterly, 31(3/4), 58-75. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40003320

Doran, A. (2016). Empowerment and women in adventure tourism: A negotiated journey. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 20(1), 57–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1176594

Doran, A., Schofield, P., & Low, T. (2018). Women’s mountaineering tourism: An empirical investigation of its theoretical constraint dimensions. Leisure Studies, 37(4), 396–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1452283

Doran, A., Schofield, P., & Low, T. (2020). Women’s mountaineering: Accessing participation benefits through constraint negotiation strategies. Leisure Studies, 39(5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1763439

Elsevier. (2020). Scopus. Elsevier. https://www.elsevier.com/pt-br/solutions/scopus

Ferguson, L., & Alarcón, D. M. (2015). Gender and sustainable tourism: Reflections on theory and practice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(3), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.957208

Fezeka, M., & Stella, K. A. (2020). Assessment of the socio-economic impacts of Tourism on three rural communities neighbouring addo elephant national park, Eastern Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(1), 1–19. https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_76_vol_9_1__2020_ufh.pdf

Field, A. (2009). Descobrindo a estatística usando o SPSS. Bookman Editora.

Figueroa-Domecq, C., Pritchard, A., Segovia-Pérez, M., Morgan, N., & Villacé-Molinero, T. (2015). Tourism gender research: A critical accounting. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 87–103. https://doi:10.1016/j.annals.2015.02.001

Fletcher, R., (2014) Romancing the wild: Cultural dimensions of ecotourism, Duke University Press.

Gentry, K. M. K. (2007). Belizean women and tourism work. Opportunity or Impediment? Annals of Tourism Research, 34(2), 477–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.11.003

Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal Od Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491

Gomes, M. M.; Brochado, M.; & Lipovestsky, N. (2014). Curso de Aperfeiçoamento Paideia Jurídica na Escola: Educação em direitos humanos para uma consciência jurídica cidadã. CAED/UFMG.

Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78 (6), 1360-1380. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/225469

Hair, H. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. (5) Prentice Hall.

Hall, D., Swain, M. B., & Kinnaird, V. (2003). Tourism and Gender: An evolving agenda. Tourism Recreation Research, 28(2), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2003.11081399

Hidalgo, R., Elia, A., & Harris, L. M. (2018). Social Capital, political empowerment and social difference: A mixed-methods study of an ecotourism project in the rural Volta region of Ghana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(12), 2153–2172. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1546711

Hidalgo, R., Elia, A., Kozak, R. A., Harshaw, H. W., & Tindall, D. B. (2018). Differential Effects of Cognitive and Structural Social Capital on Empowerment in Two Community Ecotourism Projects in Ghana. Society and Natural Resources, 31(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2017.1364454

Hillman, W. (2019). Issues for women trekking in Nepal: ‘3 sisters adventure trekking’ guides. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 23(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2019.1593226

Hirtenfelder, C. T. (2016). Cooking in tourism and at home: Unpacking the contours of different gender orders in Moreomaoto, Botswana. Tourism, 64(4), 431–444. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311735516_Cooking_in_tourism_and_at_home_Unpacking_the_contours_of_different_gender_orders_in_Moreomaoto_Botswana

Hirtenfelder, C. T. (2017). Strength, mobility, and variety: Central discourses which undermine tourism’s ability to subvert broader gender orders in Botswana. African Studies, 76(1), 64–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2017.1285668

Hudson, S. (2000). The Segmentation of Potential Tourists: Constraint Differences Between Men and Women. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 363-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800404

IBGE (2020). Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) 2019. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/trabalho/9171-pesquisa-nacional-por-amostra-de-domicilios-continua-mensal.html?=&t=o-que-e

Johnson, A. M. (1997). The basket weaving tradition in the communities of the Black River Lower Morass, Jamaica. Caribbean Geography, 8(2), 66–80. https://www.proquest.com/docview/232173692?pq-igsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true

Johnson, M. (2020). Gender, Race and Ecotourism Assemblages in Rural Creole Belize. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 39(2), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12883

Jordan, F., & Gibson, H. (2005). ‘We’re not stupid ut we’ll not stay home either’: Experiences of solo women travellers. Tourism Review International, 9(2), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427205774791663

Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment. Development and Change, 30(3), 435-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125

Kamat, V. R., & Woo Kinshella, M. L. (2018). Food insecurity and coping strategies in a marine protected area in southeastern Tanzania. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 57(3), 187–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2018.1455672

Kane, M. J., & Tucker, H. (2010). Adventure Tourism Market Report. Tourist Studies, 4(3), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797604057323

K. C, A., Dhakal, A., & Ghimire, S. (2020). Ecotourism and its impact on indigenous people and their local environment: case of Ghalegaun and Golaghat of Nepal. GeoJournal, 86, 2747-2765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10222-3

K. C, A., & Thapa Parajuli, R. B. (2014). Tourism and its impact on livelihood in Manaslu conservation area, Nepal. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 16(5), 1053–1063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-013-9512-7

Key, C. J., Pillai, V. (2006). Community Participation and Tourism Attitudes in Belize Interamerican. Journal of EnvironmentaAnd Tourism, 2(2), 8-15. https://rc.library.uta.edu/utar/bitstream/handle/10106/25746/Community%20Participation-Belize.pdf?sequence=1

Khatiwada, L. K., Silva, J. A. (2015). Mitigating Gender Inequality in Rural Regions: The Effects of Tourism Employment in Namibia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17 (5), 442-450. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2010

Kiewa, J. (2001).Stepping around Thingsâ: Gender Relationships in Climbing Australian. Journal Of Outdoor Education, 5 (2), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03400728

Kimengsi, J. N., Kechia, M. A., Azibo, B. R., Pretzsch, J., & Kwei, J. (2019). Households’ assets dynamics and ecotourism choices in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(7), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071844

Koseoglu, M. A., Rahimi, R., Okumus, F., & Liu, J. (2016). Bibliometric studies in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 180–198. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.006

Külekçi, E. A., Sezen, I., & Bulut, Y. (2012). The role of women in rural tourism, the sample of Gaziler village (Bardiz), Erzurum, Turkey. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 10(2), 1314–1319. https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v12i3.1446

Lenao, M., & Basupi, B. (2016). Ecotourism development and female empowerment in Botswana: A review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.021

Lin, N., (2001) Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge University Press.

Loubère, L., & Ratinaud, P. (2014). Manual do aplicativo IRaMuTeQ. IRaMuTeQ http://www.iramuteq.org/documentation/html

Luo, L., Arizmendi, C., & Gates, K. M. (2019). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Programs in R. Structural Equation Modeling, 26(5), 819–826. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1615835

Maclaran, P. (2015). Feminism’ s fourth wave: a research agenda for marketing and consumer research. Journal of Marketing Management, 1732-1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2015.1076497

Marinho, A. (2006). As diferentes interfaces da aventura na natureza: Reflexões sobre a sociabilidade na vida contemporânea Universidade Estadual de Campinas.

McArthur, M. (1999). Out of place: Gender, identity and space, and the experiences of contemporary solo women travellers. Trent University Peterborough.

McBurney, M. K. & Novak, P. L. (2002). What is bibliometric and why should you care? Proceedings. IEEE. International Communication Conference. 108–114. https://doi:10.1109/ipcc.2002.1049094

Medeiros, M. A. (2014). The other end if the bargain: The socioeconomics of marital dissolution in rural northeast Brasil. Journal of the Association of Black Anthropologists, 22(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/traa.12032.105

Mejía Vázquez, R., Serrano Barquín, R. D. C., Osorio González, M., & Favila Cisneros, H. (2019). Turismo y género: Una aproximación al estado de conocimiento. Cuadernos de Turismo, 38 (2016), 485-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/turismo.38.271531

Mendoza, M. (2020). Alpine Masculinity: A Gendered Figuration of Capital in the Patagonian Andes. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 39(2), 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12839

Ministério do Turismo. (2010). Perfil do Turista de Aventura e do Ecoturista no Brasil. Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Turismo de Aventura. images/abook/pdf/2sem2015/setembro/Perfil do Ecoturista e do Turista de Aventura no Brasil 2010.pdf

Morgan, M. S., & Winkler, R. L. (2020). The Third Shift? Gender and Empowerment in a Women’s Ecotourism Cooperative. Rural Sociology, 85(1), 137–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12275

Movono, A., & Dahles, H. (2017). Female empowerment and tourism: a focus on businesses in a Fijian village. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(6), 681–692. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2017.1308397

Myers, L. (2010). Women travellers’ adventure tourism experiences in New Zealand. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(1–2), 116–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2010.9686841

Nicholas, L., Thapa, B. (2010). Visitor Perspectives on Sustainable Tourism Development in the Pitons Management Area World Heritage Site, St. Lucia. Environment, Development And Sustainability, 12 (5), 839-857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-009-9227-y

Nichols, J., O’Brien, C., & Heimlich, J. E. (1998). Why women are conservation leaders in rural Costa Rica. International Forestry, 96(12), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/96.12.24

Ntanjana, A., Maleka, M., Tshipala, N., & du Plessis, L. (2018). Employment condition differences based on gender: A case of adventure tourism employees in Gauteng, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(4), 1-16. https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_49_vol_7_4__2018.pdf

Nutsugbodo, R. Y., Adjei Mensah, C., Amenumey, E. K., & Ansah Owusu, C. (2020). Women’s Participation in Ecotourism Development Within the Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana: Implications for Community Planning. Tourism Planning and Development, 17(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2020.1751693

OECD (2019), OECD Employment Outlook 2019: The Future of Work, OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9ee00155-en

Ogra, M. V., & Badola, R. (2015). Gender and climate change in the Indian Himalayas: Global threats, local vulnerabilities, and livelihood diversification at the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Earth System Dynamics, 6(2), 505–523. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-505-2015

Panta, S. K., & Thapa, B. (2018). Entrepreneurship and women’s empowerment in gateway communities of Bardia National Park, Nepal. Journal of Ecotourism, 17(1), 20–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2017.1299743

Quevedo-Silva, F., Santos, E. B. A., Brandão, M. M., & Vils, L. (2016). Estudo bibliométrico: orientações sobre sua aplicação. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 15(2), 246-262. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v15i2.3274

Risman, B. J. (2017). Where the Millennials Will Take Us: A New Generation Wrestles with the Gender Structure. Oxford University Press.

Rowlands, J. (1995). Empowerment Examined. Development in Practice, 5(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/0961452951000157074

Sampaio, T. M. V., & Bahia, M. C. (2007). Lazer – Meio Ambiente. Em Busca das Atitudes Vivenciadas nos Esportes de Aventura. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Do Esporte, 28(3), 173–189. http://revista.cbce.org.br/index.php/RBCE/article/view/30/37

Schellhorn, M. (2010). Development for whom? Social justice and the business of ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903367229

Scheyvens, R. (1999) Ecotourism and the Empowerment of Local Communities. Tourism Management, 20 (2), 245-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00069-7

Scheyvens, R. (2000). Promoting women’s empowerment through involvement in ecotourism: Experiences from the third world. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(3), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667360

Schwartz, G. M., Pereira, L. M., Figueiredo, J. de P., Christofoletti, D. F. A., & Dias, V. K. (2016). Estratégias de participação da mulher nos esportes de aventura. Revista Brasileira de Ciencias do Esporte, 38(2), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2015.11.007

Scimago Journal & Country Rank. (2020). Journal Rank. Scimago Journal & Country Rank. https://www.scimagojr.com/index.php

Souza, M. A. R. de, Wall, M. L., Thuler, A. C. de M. C., Lowen, I. M. V., & Peres, A. M. (2018). O uso do software IRAMUTEQ na análise de dados em pesquisas qualitativas. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 52 (e03353), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017015003353

Stone, M. T. (2015). Community-Based Ecotourism: A Collaborative Partnerships Perspective. Journal Of Ecotourism, 14 (2/3), 166-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2015.1023309

Stronza, A. (2005). Hosts and Hosts: The Anthropology of Community-Based Ecotourism in The Peruvian Amazon. National Association for Practice of Anthropology Bulletin, 23 (1), 170-190. https://doi.org/10.1525/napa.2005.23.1.170

Swain, M. B., & Swain, M. T. B. (2004). An ecofeminist approach to ecotourism development. Tourism Recreation Research, 29(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2004.11081451

The Pacific Partnership. (2019). Shaping the Future of Adventure and Cultural Travel: Profiles and behaviors of adventure and cultural travelers from the United States and Australia. The pacific partnership.

Thomson Reuters Foundation. (2018). Factbox: Which are the world’s 10 most dangerous countries for women?. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-women-dangerous-poll-factbox/factbox-which-are-the-worlds-10-most-dangerous-countries-for-women-idUSKBN1JM01Z

Tosun, C. (2006). Expected Nature of Community Participation in Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 27 (3), 493-504.

Tran, L., & Walter, P. (2014). Ecotourism, gender and development in northern Vietnam. Annals of Tourism Research, 44(1), 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.09.005

United Nations Organization. (2018). The Sustainable Development Goals “Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.” United Nations. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/

Vizcaíno, L. P., Serrano, R., Cruz, G., & Pastor, M. J. (2016). Teorías y métodos en la investigación sobre turismo, género y mujeres en iberoamérica: Un análisis bibliográfico. Cuadernos de Turismo, (38), 485–501.

https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.38.271531

Voopter. (2018). [Folder sobre viagens de mulheres]. Viaje Mulher. https://cloud.voopter.com.br/viajemulher/pdf/Viaje-mulher.pdf

Walter, P. (2011). Gender analysis in community-based ecotourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 36(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2011.11081316

Weaver, D. (2005). Comprehensive and Minimalist Dimensions of Ecotourism. Annals Of Tourism Research, 32 (2), 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.08.003

Wilkinson, P. F., Pratiwi, W. (1995). Gender and Tourism in an Indonesian Village. Annals Of Tourism Research, 22 (2), 283-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00077-8

Wilson, E., & Little, D. (2005). A ‘relative escape’? The Impact of Constraints on Women who Travel Solo. Tourism Review International, 9(2), 155–174. https://doi.org/1 0.3727/154427205774791672

World Tourism Organization. (2014). Global Report on Adventure Tourism (9th ed.). W. T. O. (UNWTO).

Zambrano, A. M. A., Broadbent, E. N., & Durham, W. H. (2010). Social and Environmental Effects of Ecotourism in The Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica: The Lapa Rios Case. Journal of Ecotourism, 9 (1), 62-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724040902953076

Zeng, F., Zhou, C., & Zhong, Y. (2018). Ecotourism Development and the Egocentric Network of Female Residents: A Case Study in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. Journal of China Tourism Research, 14(4), 484–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2018.1511491

Zupic, I., & Čater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organizational research methods, 18(3), 429-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114562629

Published

2022-02-01

How to Cite

Schreinert dos Santos, I., Alves Borges, A., Scrivano, P., & Bandeira Lamônica Freire, O. (2022). What do we know about the relationship of women with adventure tourism and ecotourism?. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, 11(1), 175–209. https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v11i1.19545

Issue

Section

Artigos