Uma revisão dos estudos em lazer: um enfoque nos métodos de pesquisa

George Bedinelli Rossi; Julio Carneiro da Cunha

doi:10.5585/podium.v12i3.23840

Authors

George Bedinelli Rossi Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo – EACH / USP https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8567-8376
Julio Carneiro da Cunha Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1435-055X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v12i3.23840

Keywords:

Leisure, Methods, Meta-Methods, Literature review

Abstract

Objective: The objective is to verify the stage of research on Leisure considering the research strategies, sources, data collection and analysis.
Methodology / approach: The methodology adopted is divided in two that are intertwined. First, a systematic review of the literature on the Leisure phenomenon was carried out to answer the question: What research methods have been used to investigate Leisure in academic studies? Next, the Systematic Meta-Method is used as a research methodology to identify the most used methods.
Originality/relevance: A specific analysis on methodological procedures in Leisure research was not found in the literature. In addition, there is little standardization in research methods, data collection and analysis techniques, indicating great theoretical potential, or great scope for discovering new concepts and theories about Leisure.
Main results: The main results indicate that Leisure as a research object is in its early stages of maturity due to the lack of standardization in methods, data collection and analysis techniques, indicating great potential for standardization of methods and, therefore, proposition of theories.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: The methodological contribution is the use of systematic meta-methods to identify methodological procedures. There is low methodological standardization of qualitative research. The area also relies on theories from multiple areas such as Sociology and Psychology, among others.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

George Bedinelli Rossi, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo – EACH / USP

Possui graduação em Engenharia Elétrica Modalidade Eletrônica pela Faculdade de Engenharia de São Paulo (1982), mestrado em Administração de Empresas (Sp) pela Fundação Getúlio Vargas - SP (1996) e doutorado em Administração de Empresas (Sp) pela Fundação Getúlio Vargas - SP (1999). Atualmente é professor na Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH) da Universidade de São Paulo USP). Possui experiência na área de Administração, com ênfase em Mercadologia, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: Interatividade e Memória e Redes Estratégicas. Meus interesses em pesquisa são: (1) Interatividade e Memória e (2) Redes Estratégicas formando Vantagem Competitiva Sustentável.

Julio Carneiro da Cunha , Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE)

Doutor em Administração (FEA / USP), doutor em Administração de Empresas (EAESP / FGV), mestre em Administração de Organizações (FEA-RP / USP), bacharel em Ciências Econômicas (FEA-RP / USP), Ciências Contábeis (FEA-RP / USP), Marketing (EACH / USP), Administração de Empresas (UNAERP) e Comércio Exterior (UNAERP).

References

Allaby, M., & Shannon, C. S. (2020). “I just want to keep in touch”: Adolescents’ experiences

with leisure-related smartphone use. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(3), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2019.1672506

Anora, J. (2020). Methodology and methods of cultural linguistics. International Engineering Journal for Research & Development, 5, 3-3. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BEA52

Aronson, O., & Gerdner, A. (2020). Youth centers, structured leisure activities, and friends of

native and foreign origin: A two-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Leisure

Research, 52(3), 265-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2020.1780521

Batista, F. E. A., Anjos Junior, E. S., & Neves, M. R. C. (2022). Lazer em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19: Uma revisão da literatura. Licere, 25(2), 25-55. https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2022.40777

Bertella, G. (2020). Animal-based experiences and animal experiences: farm animals’

perspective on human leisure in rural settings. Annals of Leisure Research, 24(5), 631-645. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2020.1740603

Bohn, D., & de Bernardi, C. (2020). Celebrating 30 years louder than hell: exploring

commercial and social ‘Host Event Zone’developments of the heavy metal festival

Wacken Open Air. Annals of Leisure Research, 25(1), 116-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2020.1825972

Bäckström, Å., & Nairn, K. (2018). Skateboarding beyond the limits of gender? Strategic

interventions in Sweden. Leisure Studies, 37(4), 424-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1462397

Brookfield, K., Parry, J., & Bolton, V. (2018). Going solo: lifelong nonparticipation amongst

the NCDS cohort. Leisure Studies, 37(5), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1514527

Bastiaansen, M., Young, M., Verdet, I., Elekes, Z., Fransen, S., Jiaqi, A., Li, Q., Proveyer,

Maria-Liz, Silva, L. R., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, Y. & Zhu, K. (2020).

Learning from experience in Hangzhou: WLCE leisure experience research

opportunity. World Leisure Journal, 62(2), 160-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1760450

Brandão, M. M., Louro, A. C., & Sarcinelli, A. F. (2021). Fundações e tendências no relacionamento entre analytics e marketing. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 20(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v20i1.17554

Carneiro da Cunha, J. A., Defina, D. A., & Passador, J. L. (2014). Qualidade da produção científica no Brasil: Um enfoque nos trabalhos premiados pelos congressos da ANPAD 2004-2012. Revista de Ciências da Administração, 16(38), 11-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2014v16n38p11

Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2014). Thematic analysis. In Encyclopedia of critical

psychology (pp. 1947-1952). Springer, New York, NY.

Cheney, J. (2005). Truth, knowledge and the wild world. Ethics and the Environment, 10(2),

-135. https://doi.org/10.1353/een.2005.0017

Cooper, H. M. (1984). The integrative research review. A systematic approach. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Cooper, H. M. (1988). Organizing knowledge synthesis: A taxonomy of literature reviews. In Knowledge in Society, 1(Spring), 104-126.

Cooper, H. M., Patall, E. A., & Lindsay, J. J. (2009). Research synthesis and meta-analysis. In

L. Bickman, & D. J. Rog (orgs.). The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods (pp. 344-370). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Davies, L. E., Taylor, P., Ramchandani, G., & Christy, E. (2020). Measuring the Social

Return on Investment of community sport and leisure facilities. Managing Sport and

Leisure, 26(1/2), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1794938

De Vries, M. J. (2016). Teaching about technology: An introduction to the philosophy of

technology for non-philosophers. Springer.

DeCuir-Gunby, J. T., Marshall, P. L., & McCulloch, A. W. (2011). Developing and

using a codebook for the analysis of interview data: An example from a

professional development research project. Field Methods, 23(2), 136-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X10388468

Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (1984). Handbook of qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Dykstra, K. J., & Litwiller, F. (2020). “Are you trying to make them gay?”: Culture wars,

anxieties about genderplay, and the subsequent impacts on youth. Leisure Sciences,

(2/4), 436-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1830902

Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of

Management Review, 14(4), 532-550. https://doi.org/10.2307/258557

Elson, M. (2019). Examining psychological science through systematic meta-method

analysis: a call for research. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological

Science, 2(4), 350-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919863296

Forsell, T., Tower, J., & Polman, R. (2020). Development of a scale to measure social capital

in recreation and sport clubs. Leisure Sciences, 42(1), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2018.1442268

Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (1996). Education research: An introduction. (6ª

ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman.

Gallistl, V., & Nimrod, G. (2020). Media-based leisure and wellbeing: A study of older

Internet users. Leisure Studies, 39(2), 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1694568

Gelissen, J. (2019). How stable is leisure satisfaction over time? A latent trait-state-occasion

analysis of Dutch panel data. Leisure Sciences, 44(3), 267-288. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2018.1536567

Gerring, J. (2004). What is a case study and what is it good for?. American Political Science

Review, 98(2), 341-354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404001182

Goh, E. (2020). Walking off-trail in national parks: Monkey see monkey do. Leisure

Sciences, 45(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1755750

Hellman, A., & Odenbring, Y. (2020). Playful space invaders: skateboarding intersections and

global flows: Lekfulla inkräktare: Intersektioner i skateboard och globala

flöden. World Leisure Journal, 62(1), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2019.1631881

Hodge, C. J., Chandler, K. D., Melton, K. K., Hoke, K. L., & Blodgett, J. (2020). Real-time,

passive measurement of communication during family leisure: An exploratory study

of wearable sociometric badges. Journal of Leisure Research, 53(1), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2020.1795013

Hoekman, R., Breedveld, K., & Kraaykamp, G. (2017). Sport participation and the social and

physical environment: explaining differences between urban and rural areas in the

Netherlands. Leisure Studies, 36(3), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1182201

Jirásek, I., Roberson, D. N., & Jirásková, M. (2017). The impact of families camping

together: Opportunities for personal and social development. Leisure Sciences, 39(1),

-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1136251

Katz-Gerro, T., & Meier Jæger, M. (2015). Does women's preference for highbrow leisure

begin in the family? Comparing leisure participation among brothers and

sisters. Leisure Sciences, 37(5), 415-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2014.995326

Kloek, M. E., Buijs, A. E., Boersema, J. J., & Schouten, M. G. (2017). Beyond ethnic

stereotypes–identities and outdoor recreation among immigrants and nonimmigrants in

the Netherlands. Leisure Sciences, 39(1), 59-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2016.1151843

Kono, S., & Sato, M. (2022). The potentials of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 54(3), 309-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2022.2066492

Krippendorff, K. (2004) Content analysis. An introduction to its methodology. (2ª ed.). London: Sage.

Linghede, E. (2019). Becoming horseboy (s)–human-horse relations and intersectionality in

equiscapes. Leisure Studies, 38(3), 408-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1584230

Line, N. D., & Runyan, R. C. (2012). Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.07.006

Litwiller, F. (2020). Normative drag culture and the making of precarity. Leisure

Studies, 39(4), 600-612. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1800798

Marques, L., & Biscaia, M. S. P. (2019). Leisure and innovation: exploring boundaries.

World Leisure Journal, 61(3), 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2019.1639257

Marques, L., & Giolo, G. (2020). Cultural leisure in the time of COVID-19: impressions from

the Netherlands. World Leisure Journal, 62(4), 344-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2020.1825256

Mannberg, A., Hendrikx, J., & Johnson, J. (2020). Risky positioning–social aspirations and

risk-taking behaviour in avalanche terrain. Leisure Studies, 40(4), 495-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1831046

McCauley, B., Nguyen, T. H. T., McDonald, M., & Wearing, S. (2020). Digital gaming

culture in Vietnam: an exploratory study. Leisure Studies, 39(3), 372-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1731842

McCormick, R. (1997). Conceptual and procedural knowledge. International Journal of

Technology and Design Education, 7(1), 141-159. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008819912213

McGillivray, D. (2014). Digital cultures, acceleration and mega sporting event

narratives. Leisure Studies, 33(1), 96-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2013.841747

Merigó, J. M., Mulet-Forteza, C., Martorell, O., & Merigó-Lindahl, C. (2020). Scientific research in the tourism, leisure and hospitality field: A bibliometric analysis. Anatolia, 31(3), 494-508. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1771602

Mulet-Forteza, C., Genovart-Balaguer, J., Mauleon-Mendez, E., & Merigó, J. M. (2019). A bibliometric research in the tourism, leisure and hospitality fields. Journal of Business Research, 101, 819-827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.002

Müller, M. (2015). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes. Leisure

Studies, 34(6), 627-642. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.993333

Navarrete, T. (2019). Digital heritage tourism: innovations in museums. World Leisure

Journal, 61(3), 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2019.1639920

Nasution, M. K. (2020). Methodology. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1566,

No. 1, p. 012031).

Nilsson, M., & Blom, T. (2018). Finisterre: being and becoming a myth-related tourist destination. Leisure Studies, 37(4), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1476904

Oliveira, B. A. D., Damasceno, L. G., & Hungaro, E. M. (2018). Os estudos do lazer na Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte (RBCE): apontamentos críticos. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 40, 325-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2018.03.006

Oman, S. (2020). Leisure pursuits: uncovering the ‘selective tradition’ in culture and well-

being evidence for policy. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1607536

Parr, M. G., & Schmalz, D. (2019). Leisure studies in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities in our collective identity. Journal of Leisure Research, 50(4), 372-387. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2019.1617645

Randolph, J. (2007). Meta-analysis of the effects of response cards on student

achievement, participation, and intervals of off-task behavior. Journal of

Positive Behavior Interventions, 9(2), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/10983007070090020201

Randolph, J. (2009). A guide to writing the dissertation literature review. Practical

Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 14, art. 13, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.7275/b0az-8t74

Schmalz, D. L., Janke, M. C., & Payne, L. L. (2019). Multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary research: Leisure studies past, present, and future. Journal of Leisure Research, 50(5), 389-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2019.1647751

Schick-Makaroff, K., MacDonald, M., Plummer, M., Burgess, J., & Neander, W. (2016).

What synthesis methodology should I use? A review and analysis of approaches to

research synthesis. AIMS Public Health, 3(1), 172-215. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2016.1.172

Seidl, M., & Schnitzer, M. (2020). Analysing leisure cards from a buyers’ perspective–a case

study for the leisure card Tyrol. Managing Sport and Leisure, 26(6), 575-586. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1773300

Sheppard, L. K., Rynne, S. B., & Willis, J. M. (2021). Sport as a cultural offset in Aboriginal Australia?. Annals of Leisure Research, 24(1), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2019.1635895

Shipley, N. J. (2021). Setting our sights on vision: A rationale and research agenda for integrating eye-tracking into leisure research. Leisure Sciences, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2021.1956389

Simons, I. (2019). Events and online interaction: the construction of hybrid event

communities. Leisure Studies, 38(2), 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1553994

Simons, I. (2020). Changing identities through collective performance at events: the case of

the Redhead Days. Leisure Studies, 39(4), 568-584. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1768281

Singh, R., Khan, I. S., Shafi, I., Khreis, S. H. A., Najar, A. H., & Iqbal, J. (2023). A bibliometric review of World Leisure Journal: an analysis of research published between 2000 and 2022. World Leisure Journal, no prelo, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2204078

Ülker, P., Ülker, M., & Karamustafa, K. (2023). Bibliometric analysis of bibliometric studies in the field of tourism and hospitality. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 797-818. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2021-0291

Ulker-Demirel, E., & Ciftci, G. (2020). A systematic literature review of the theory of planned behavior in tourism, leisure and hospitality management research. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.04.003

Willmott, H. (2020). On research methodology. The Journal of Organization and

Discourse, 1(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.36605/jscos.1.1_1

Wójcicki, R. (1979). The semantic conception of truth in the methodology of empirical

sciences. In Semiotics in Poland 1984–1969 (pp. 433-449). Springer, Dordrecht.