The combination of variables that leads to a better relationship between fans and sponsors of football teams: a multi-method analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v13i2.24380Keywords:
Sponsorship, Congruence, Brand equity, Coincidence analysis, Altruistic motivationAbstract
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to know how the factors involved in relationships with sponsors combine to constitute a positive feeling in relation to these brands. As a result of this work, we hope to contribute to theories in the field and propose an investigation from different methodological perspectives.
Methodology/approach: There were 1,174 responses to the survey. The phenomenon was observed using Coincidence Analysis and was validated by Logic Regression on the same set of data. Both methods can be tuned to correctly parse Boolean dependency structures with no redundancy and no peer dependence between causes and their results.
Originality/value: A proposed distinction was the research was conducted using methodologies that produce results in a different way than a traditional correlational methodological approach. The findings emphasized the significance of the discovered solution for establishing a relationship between fans and sponsoring brands.
Findings:The combination of congruence between the sponsor and the team with the intention to purchase from that brand indicated a positive relationship. Another discovery was emphasizing an involvement that suggests an altruistic relationship, alongside the brand equity factor and the perception of a strictly commercial relationship.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: The solution pointed to a combination of factors to characterize the observed phenomenon. The result found contributes to the literature by highlighting alternative ways for the constitution of the fan's relationship with the sponsor by a fan.
Practical implications: Our findings emphasized the importance of the significance of an involvement that suggests an altruistic relationship as a competitive advantage for the sponsor/sponsored.
Downloads
References
Ambühl, M., Baumgartner, M., Epple, R., Parkkinen, V.-P., & Thiem, A. (2022). cna: Causal Modeling with Coincidence Analysis (3.5.1). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cna/index.html
Amorim, J. G. B. de, e Almeida, V. M. C. de. (2015). The effect of simultaneous sponsorship of rival football teams. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review, 12(1), pp. 63–87. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2015140059
Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp. 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Barrenechea, R., & Castillo, I. (2019). The many roads to Rome: Family resemblance concepts in the social sciences. Quality & Quantity, 53(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0732-7
Baumgartner, M. (2013). Detecting Causal Chains in Small-n Data. Field Methods, 25(1), pp. 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X12462527
Baumgartner, M., e Ambühl, M. (2018). Causal modeling with multi-value and fuzzy-set Coincidence Analysis. Political Science Research and Methods, X, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2018.45
Baumgartner, M., e Ambühl, M. (2019). “Optimizing Consistency and Coverage in Configurational Causal Modeling”, Working Paper, University of Bergen, Bergen https://people.uib.no/mba110/docs/ConCovOpt.pdf
Baumgartner, M., e Falk, C. (2019). Boolean Difference-Making: A Modern Regularity Theory of Causation. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axz047
Baumgartner, M., e Falk, C. (2021). Configurational Causal Modeling and Logic Regression. Multivariate Behavioral Research, pp. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2021.1971510
Chadwick, S., Liu, R., e Thwaites, D. (2014). Ambush Marketing and the Football World Cup. In. Managing the Football World Cup (1ªed, p. 248). Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137373687_5
Cornwell, T. B. (2019). Less “Sponsorship As Advertising” and More Sponsorship-Linked Marketing As Authentic Engagement. Journal of Advertising, 48(1), pp. 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2019.1588809
Cornwell, T. B., e Kwon, Y. (2019). Sponsorship-linked marketing: Research surpluses and shortages. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00654-w
Cornwell, T. B., Weeks, C. S., e Roy, D. P. (2005). Sponsorship-Linked Marketing: Opening the Black Box. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), pp. 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2005.10639194
Dees, W., Bennett, G., e Villegas, J. (2008). Measuring the Effectiveness of Sponsorship of an Elite Intercollegiate Football Program. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(2), pp. 79–89. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jorge-Villegas-3/publication/265273703_Measuring_the_Effectiveness_of_Sponsorship_of_an_Elite_Intercollegiate_Football_Program_Measuring_the_Effectiveness_of_Sponsorship_of_an_Elite_Intercollegiate_Football_Program/links/56a9242208ae2df821650bee/Measuring-the-Effectiveness-of-Sponsorship-of-an-Elite-Intercollegiate-Football-Program-Measuring-the-Effectiveness-of-Sponsorship-of-an-Elite-Intercollegiate-Football-Program.pdf
Escobar, M. N. (2002). Patrocínio esportivo e seus efeitos sobre o valor da marca: Um estudo exploratório no Brasil [Dissertação de Mestrado]. Fundação Getúlio Vargas. https://repositorio.fgv.br/items/e3152716-c339-417e-ad0e-1cf97683af1f
Filippone, A., Cheli, B., e D’Agostino, A. (2001). “Addressing the interpretation and the aggregation problems in totally fuzzy and relative poverty measures”. ISER Working Paper Series, University of Essex, Colchester. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/92185/1/2001-22.pdf
Funk, D. C., e James, J. D. (2001). The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual’s Psychological Connection to Sport. Sport Management Review, 4(2), pp. 119–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(01)70072-1
Gladden, J. M., e Funk, D. C. (2002). Developing an Understanding of Brand Associations in Team Sport: Empirical Evidence from Consumers of Professional Sport. Journal of Sport Management, 16(1), pp. 54–81. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.16.1.54
Graßhoff, G., e May, M. (2001). Causal Regularities. Em W. Spohn, M. Ledwig, and M. Esfeld (Orgs.), Current Issues in Causation (p. 85). Mentis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289537291_Causal_Regularities
Grohs, R., Reisinger, H., e Woisetschläger, D. M. (2015). Attenuation of negative sponsorship effects in the context of rival sports teams’ fans. European Journal of Marketing, 49(11/12), pp. 1880–1901. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-01-2013-0010
Gwinner, K., e Bennett, G. (2008). The Impact of Brand Cohesiveness and Sport Identification on Brand Fit in a Sponsorship Context. Journal of Sport Management, 22(4), pp. 410–426. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.4.410
Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), pp. 1–22. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252054
Kim, Y. K., Smith, R., e James, J. D. (2010). The role of gratitude in sponsorship: The case of participant sports. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 12(1), pp. 48–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-12-01-2010-B006
Koronios, K., Vrontis, D., & Thrassou, A. (2021). Strategic sport sponsorship management–A scale development and validation. Journal of business research, 130, 295-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.031
Lough, N. (1996). Factors Affecting Corporate Sponsorship of Women’s Sport. Sport Marketing Quarterly, pp. 11–19. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/edpsych_fac_articles/33/
Madrigal, R. (2000). The Influence of Social Alliances with Sports Teams on Intentions to Purchase Corporate Sponsors’ Products. Journal of Advertising, 29(4), pp. 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2000.10673621
Malagrino, F. de A. F. (2017). O torcedor como vantagem competitiva: Uma análise sob a ótica da transferência da lealdade [Tese de Doutorado]. Universidade de São Paulo. https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.2017.tde-14062017-110455
Marquetto, M. F., Pinto, N. G. M., Grohmann, M. Z., e Battistella, L. F. (2017). Conhecendo o Comportamento de Torcedores em Relação ao Amor à Marca de Clubes de Futebol. Brazilian Business Review, 14(3), pp. 272–287. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2017.14.3.1
Meenaghan, T. (1991). The Role of Sponsorship in the Marketing Communications Mix. International Journal of Advertising, 10(1), pp. 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1991.11104432
Mihai, A. L. (2013). The Strategic Sport Marketing Planning Process. Manager, 17(1), pp. 230–236. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=539480
Ngan, H. M. K., Prendergast, G. P., e Tsang, A. S. L. (2011). Linking sports sponsorship with purchase intentions: Team performance, stars, and the moderating role of team identification. European Journal of Marketing, 45(4), pp. 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561111111334
Nunes, F. A. de S. F. (2020). Comportamento de não consumo de produtos dos patrocinadores de Cruzeiro e Atlético-MG pelos torcedores do clube rival [Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais]. https://repositorio.ufmg.br/handle/1843/34231
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63, pp. 33–44. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252099
Parkkinen, V.-P., e Baumgartner, M. (2021). Robustness and Model Selection in Configurational Causal Modeling. Sociological Methods and Research, 0049124120986200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124120986200
Pham, M. T., e Johar, G. V. (2001). Market prominence biases in sponsor identification: Processes and consequentiality. Psychology and Marketing, 18(2), pp. 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6793(200102)18:2<123::AID-MAR1002>3.0.CO;2-3
Ragin, C. C. (2009). Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond. University of Chicago Press. https://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/1849/1/Resdisgning_social_inquiry.pdf
Rihoux, B., e Ragin, C. C. (2009). Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques. SAGE. https://books.google.com/books?hl=pt-BR&lr=&id=PnI-DQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Rihoux,+B.,+e+Ragin,+C.+C.+(2009).+Configurational+Comparative+Methods:+Qualitative+Comparative+Analysis+(QCA)+and+Related+Techniques&ots=ZMFxKINmAr&sig=cb7fknsRRuNCTrUrmJYqcDZg28E
Rodrigues, K. F. (2016). Desvelando o mito da transparência nas democracias. Anais do XL EnAnpad. Encontro da ANPAD, Costa do Sauípe. https://hdl.handle.net/10438/24896
Romanello, D. L., Freire, O., Quevedo-Silva, F., & Santos, E. B. A. (2020). Brand equity e valor de marca: Proposição e validação de um modelo. ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 19(3), Artigo 3. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v19i3.17261
Romão, É. (2007). Marketing Esportivo. Especial Esporte e Gestão, 6(3), pp. 65–69. https://periodicos.fgv.br/gvexecutivo/article/download/34600/33403
Shilbury, D., Quick, S., Westerbeek, H., e Funk, D. (2009). Strategic Sport Marketing (3ª ed). Allen and Unwin. https://books.google.com.br/books/about/Strategic_Sport_Marketing.html?id=hcBXDQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Silva, A. (2022). Team identification and sponsors’ altruistic motives on the effectiveness of professional soccer sponsorship. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2022.2084636
Speed, R., e Thompson, P. (2000). Determinants of Sports Sponsorship Response. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), pp. 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300282004
Thiem, A., e Dusa, A. (2013). Qualitative Comparative Analysis with R: A User’s Guide. Springer-Verlag. https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&lr=&id=-Y_Mzk00CioC&oi=fnd&pg=PP3&dq=Thiem,+A.,+e+Dusa,+A.+(2013).+Qualitative+Comparative+Analysis+with+R:+A+User%E2%80%99s+Guide.+Springer-Verlag.&ots=R8VuAPLA2S&sig=V87XzgXDWBCB431dJU4fT3dIPoo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Tsordia, Ch., Papadimitriou, D., e Parganas, P. (2018). The influence of sport sponsorship on brand equity and purchase behavior. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 26(1), pp. 85–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2017.1374299
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.