Disaster management and mitigation instruments used in Brazil in response to the Covid-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/exactaep.2021.20037Palavras-chave:
Disaster management, Mitigation Instruments, Collaborative governance, Governmental actions, Brazilian response to COVID-19Resumo
The seriousness and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic required high quality decision-making and quick, positive actions by different levels of government in Brazil and in other countries. The question is: How did the Brazilian government respond to the crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic? We explored the theoretical context of the pandemic by using the Sendai framework, to analyze the quantitative aspects of the disease. The analysis was performed as an analytical, descriptive, and systematic study, using bibliographic research covering the period from Jan. 2020 to Apr. 2021. We used the process-tracing method. Brazil reported the first case of COVID-19 in South America, on Feb. 26. Since then, there has been an accelerated spread of the disease in South America. The Brazilian government’s responses to the pandemic were characterized by intergovernmental incoordination, caused by the lack of leadership from the federal government, resulting in increased losses in human lives.
Downloads
Referências
Abrucio, F. L., Grin, E. J., Franzese, C., Segatto, C. I., & Couto, C. G. (2020). Combating covid-19 under bolsonaro’s federalism: A case of intergovernmental incoordination. Revista de Administracao Publica, 54(4), 663–677. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200354x
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. (2021). Vacinas: uso emergencial. https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/assuntos/paf/coronavirus/vacinas-covid/vacinas-uso-emergencial
Alcántara-Ayala, I., Burton, I., Lavell, A., Mansilla, E., Maskrey, A., Oliver-Smith, A., & Ramírez-Gómez, F. (2021). Editorial: Root causes and policy dilemmas of the COVID-19 pandemic global disaster. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52.
Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020). How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? The Lancet, 395(10228), 931–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Smith, N., González-Alvarez, R., Daves, S., Layton, M., Linares, N., Richardson-smith, N., Bresee, J., & Mounts, A. (2009). National pandemic influenza preparedness planning. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 3(4), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00091.x
Beach, D., & Pedersen, R. B. (2013). Process-tracing methods: Foundations and guidelines (U. of M. Press (ed.)).
Brasil. (1988). Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil.
Brasil. (1993). Lei no 8.666, 21 jun. de 1993.
Brasil. (2000). Lei Complementar no101, 4 maio 2000.
Brasil. (2017). Decreto No 9. 203, 22 nov. de 2017.
Brasil. (2020a). Decreto No10.277, 16 de mar. de 2020.
Brasil. (2020b). Lei No13.979, 6 fev. 2020.
Butantan Institute. (2021). Butantan e Governo de SP vão testar e produzir vacina inédita contra coronavírus. https://www.butantan.gov.br/noticias/butantan-e-governo-de-sp-vao-testar-e-produzir-vacina-inedita-contra-coronavirus
Camara dos Deputados. (2020). Decreto Legislativo no 6, de 2020.
Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., El-harakeh, A., Bognanni, A., Lotfi, T., Loeb, M., Hajizadeh, A., Bak, A., Izcovich, A., Cuello-Garcia, C. A., Chen, C., Harris, D. J., Borowiack, E., Chamseddine, F., Schünemann, F., … Reinap, M. (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 395(10242), 1973–1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
Clarke, S. (2021). Brazil coronavirus variant: what is it and why is it a concern? An expert explains. https://theconversation.com/brazil-coronavirus-variant-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-a-concern-an-expert-explains-156234
Congresso Nacional. (2009). Decreto Legislativo no 395, de 2009.
Conselho Nacional de Secretarias de Saúde. (2020). Painel CONASS COVID-19. http://www.conass.org.br/painelconasscovid19/
Díaz de León-Martínez, L., de la Sierra-de la Vega, L., Palacios-Ramírez, A., Rodriguez-Aguilar, M., & Flores-Ramírez, R. (2020). Critical review of social, environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican indigenous population and their capacity to respond to the COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 733, 139357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139357
DW Brasil. (2020). Em pronunciamento, Bolsonaro minimiza novo coronavírus. https://www.dw.com/pt-br/em-pronunciamento-bolsonaro-minimiza-novo-coronavírus/a-52906298
Editorial. (2020). COVID-19 in Brazil: “So what?” The Lancet, 395(9), 1461. http://www.abc.
Eyerkaufer, M. L., Lima, F. S., & Gonçalves, M. B. (2016). Public and private partnership in disaster risk management. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 8(1).
Fiocruz. (2020). Observatório COVID-19. https://portal.fiocruz.br/documentos-produzidos-pelo-observatorio-covid-19
George, A. L., & McKeown, T. J. (1985). Case studies and theories of organizational decision making. Advances in Information Processing in Organizations, 2(1), 21–58.
Governo do Estado de São Paulo. (2020). SP contra o novo coronavírus: saiba como se proteger. https://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/coronavirus/
Governo do Estado do Amazonas. (2020). Coronavírus-COVID-19. http://coronavirus.amazonas.am.gov.br/
Governo do Estado do Ceará. (2020). Secretaria da Saúde. Painel epidemiológico. https://coronavirus.ceara.gov.br/
Governo do Pará. (2020). Coronavírus no Pará. https://www.covid-19.pa.gov.br/#/
Gragnolati, M., Lindelow, M., & Couttolenc, B. (2013). Twenty years of health system reform in Brazil: an assessment of the Sistema Único de Saúde. World Bank Publications.
Guimarães, R. (2020). Vacinas anticovid: um olhar da saúde coletiva. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25, 3579–3585.
Imperial College London. (2020). COVID-19. Reports No.12, 21.
IPEA. (2020). A COVID-19 e as medidas legais de distanciamento dos governos estaduais: análise comparativa do período de março a julho de 2020. Dinte - Diretoria de Estudos e Relações Econômicas e Políticas Internacionais.
Lee, H. L. (2004). The triple-A supply chain. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 102–113.
Leiva, A. C., Seda, J. M., Prado, M. C., & Sottoriva, P. R. S. (2014). Atendimento de saúde a múltiplas vítimas e em catástrofes (2a ed.). CADENAS. Samu Internacional.
Markel, H., Lipman, H. B., Navarro, J. A., Sloan, A., Michalsen, J. R., Stern, A. M., & Cetron, M. S. (2007). Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by US cities during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(6), 644–654. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.6.644
Ministério da Saúde. (2010). Plano Brasileiro de Preparação para Enfrentamento de uma Pandemia de Influenza–IV Versão (1a edição). http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/plano_brasileiro_pandemia_influenza_IV.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2011). Portaria No104, 25 de jan. de 2011.
Ministério da Saúde. (2012). Informe Técnico de Influenza, No.1.
Ministério da Saúde. (2020a). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N01. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/fevereiro/04/Boletim-epidemiologico-SVS-04fev20.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020b). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N02. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/fevereiro/13/Boletim-epidemiologico-COEcorona-SVS-13fev20.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020c). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N03. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/fevereiro/21/2020-02-21-Boletim-Epidemiologico03.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020d). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N04. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/marco/04/2020-03-02-Boletim-Epidemiol--gico-04-corrigido.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020e). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N05. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/marco/24/03--ERRATA---Boletim-Epidemiologico-05.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020f). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N06. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/03/BE6-Boletim-Especial-do-COE.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020g). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N07. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/06/2020-04-06-BE7-Boletim-Especial-do-COE-Atualizacao-da-Avaliacao-de-Risco.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020h). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N08. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/09/be-covid-08-final-2.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020i). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N10. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/17/2020-04-16---BE10---Boletim-do-COE-21h.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020j). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N11. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/18/2020-04-17---BE11---Boletim-do-COE-21h.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020k). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N12. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/19/BE12-Boletim-do-COE.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020l). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N15. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/May/09/2020-05-06-BEE15-Boletim-do-COE.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020m). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N16. https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/May/21/2020-05-19---BEE16---Boletim-do-COE-13h.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020n). Boletim Epidemiológico coronavírus - N18. http://antigo.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/June/18/Boletim-epidemiologico-COVID-2.pdf
Ministério da Saúde. (2020o). Guia de Vigilância Epidemiológica: Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Nacional pela Doença pelo Coronavírus 2019.
Ministério da Saúde. (2020p). Plano de Contingência Nacional para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus (2019-nCoV) COE/SVS/MS.
Ministério da Saúde. (2020q). Portaria no 188, de 3 fev.2020.
Ministério da Saúde. (2020r). Portaria no 454, de 20 de mar. de 2020.
Ministério da Saúde. (2020s). Resposta nacional e internacional de enfrentamento ao novo coronavírus. https://coronavirus.saude.gov.br/index.php/resposta-brasileira-a-emergencia
Ministério da Saúde. (2020t). Situação epidemiológica da febre amarela no monitoramento 2019/2020. Boletim SVS V. 51, No 01.
Ministério da Saúde, & Sistema Único de Saúde. (2021). Plano Nacional de Operacionalização da Vacinação contra a COVID-19 (5th ed.). https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/coronavirus/centrais-de-conteudo-corona/plano-nacional-de-operacionalizacao-da-vacinacao-contra-a-covid-19-5a-edicao
Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. (2016). Instrução Normativa no 2, de 20 de dezembro de 2016.
Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional. (2020). Portaria No 743, 26 de mar. de 2020.
Nott, D. (2020). The COVID-19 response for vulnerable people in places affected by conflict and humanitarian crises. The Lancet, 395(10236), 1532–1533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31036-9
Our world in data. (2021). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations
Park, J., & Chung, E. (2021). Learning from past pandemic governance: Early response and Public-Private Partnerships in testing of COVID-19 in South Korea. World Development, 137(April 2020), 105198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105198
Portal da Legislação. (2021). Legislação COVID-19. http://www4.planalto.gov.br/legislacao/portal-legis/legislacao-covid-19
Portal da Saúde. (2020). Coronavírus no Maranhão. http://www.saude.ma.gov.br/
Prem, K., Liu, Y., Russell, T. W., Kucharski, A. J., Eggo, R. M., & Davies, N. (2020). Articles The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan , China : a modelling study. The Lancet, 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30073-6
Roberts, B., & Abbott, J. (2019). Gobernanza colaborativa: Mejora de la sostenibilidad del desarrollo en las metrópoles. In Gómez-Álvarez, D. (Coord.), Rajack, R, López-Moreno, E, Lanfranchi, G Gobernanza Metropolitana: El Gobierno de Las Metrópolis Para El Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible. Washington: BID.
Rodrigues, K. F., Carpes, M. M., & Raffagnato, C. G. (2020). Disaster preparedness and response in brazil in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista de Administracao Publica, 54(4), 614–634. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200291x
Sabino, E. C., Buss, L. F., Carvalho, M. P. S., Prete Jr, C. A., Crispim, M. A. E., Fraiji, N. A., Pereira, R. H. M., Parag, K. V, Peixoto, P. da S., Kraemer, M. U. G., Oikawa, M. K., Salomon, T., Cucunuba, Z. M., Castro, M. C., Santos, A. A. de S., Nascimento, V. H., Pereira, H. S., Ferguson, N. M., Pybus, O. G., … Faria, N. R. (2021). Resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil, despite high seroprevalence. The Lancet, 397(10273), 452–455.
Shmueli, D. F., Ozawa, C. P., & Kaufman, S. (2020). Collaborative planning principles for disaster preparedness. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, June, 101981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101981
Sphere Association. (2018). The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response (4th.ed). Geneva, Switzerland.
Stargardter, G. (2021). Raging virus, few shots. How Brazil missed its chance to secure COVID-19 vaccines. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-vaccines-in-idUSKBN29W141
Supremo Tribunal Federal. (1993). Medida cautelar na ação direta de inconstitucionalidade 634 Distrito Federal.
Supremo Tribunal Federal. (2019). Embargos de declaração no recurso extraordinário 855.178 Sergipe. http://redir.stf.jus.br/paginadorpub/paginador.jsp?docTP=TP&docID=752469853
The Assessment Capacities Project. (2020). Map action: COVID-19 Government measures. Report No1. https://www.acaps.org/sites/acaps/files/products/files/20200319_acaps_covid19_government_measures_report_0.pdf
Thomas, D. S., Jang, S., & Scandlyn, J. (2020). The CHASMS conceptual model of cascading disasters and social vulnerability: The COVID-19 case example. Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51.
Tomasini, R. . V. W. (2009). Humanitarian logistics. INSEAD Business Press Series. Palgrave Macmillan.
Twyford, V., Waters, S., Hardy, M., & J., D. (2012). The power of ‘co’: The smart leaders’ guide to collaborative governance. Twyfords Publications.
United Nations. (2016). Report of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction. Report A/CONF.206/6.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2019). Chapter 2: Systemic risks, the Sendai Framework and the 2030 Agenda. In GAR-Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2020). Update #1 COVID-19: How to include marginalized and vulnerable people in risk communication and community engagement. Last updated. 01-09.
Universidade Federal de Pelotas. (2020). EPICOVID19BR–Release fase 1-COVID-19 no Brasil: várias epidemias num só país–Primeira fase do EPICOVID19 reforça preocupação com a região Norte.
Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2006). Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 475–489.
World Health Organization. (2016). International Health Regulations (2005) (3rd ed.). World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2020a). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Strategic preparedness and response plan.
World Health Organization. (2020b). Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan on COVID-19 by WHO. In Printed in Geneva, Switzerland. (Issue 12 February). https://www.who.int/publications-detail/strategic-preparedness-and-response-plan-for-the-new-coronavirus
World Health Organization. (2020c). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
World Health Organization, R. O. for E. & E. (2006). Pandemic influenza preparedness planning : report on the second joint WHO/European Commission Workshop, 24-26 October 2005. WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Dos autores
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.