United Kingdom’s Sport System: Dynamics, Functioning and Reflections for Brazil

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v10i1.16400

Keywords:

Sports systems, Sports federations, Brazil, United Kingdom

Abstract

Objective of the study: To introduce the UK sports system, seeking to explain its dynamics and functioning.

Methodology: This study uses the methodology proposed by Scheerder, Willem and Claes (2017) and their five key questions for understanding the relationship between the State and sports federations. We collected data from official databases, laws, previous studies on sports systems, sports federation statutes, and boards and websites of government agencies and sports federations. Then, we analysed it based on the content analysis.

Originality / Relevance: It is possible to acknowledge that there is a considerable production of knowledge about sports policies in the United Kingdom (UK), but that does not emphasize the relationship between the State and sports federations, and that knowing more about that relationship in that country can be useful for reflections on the Brazilian sports system.

Main results: The UK sports system is based on the principles of independence, partnership and collaboration between actors at all levels. However, there is centrality of power in intermediary institutions such as UK Sport and Sport England. While the UK Sporting System shows a certain balance in the treatment of elite sport and mass sport, in Brazil the emphasis is on the elite sport.

Theoretical / methodological contributions: The work presents the UK sports system and starts its discussion in relation to the Brazilian sports system, having the background of globalization.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Fernando Augusto Starepravo, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Loughborough University

Doutor em Educacao Fisica pela Universidade Federal do Parana. Professor Associado do Departamente de Educacao Fisica da Universidade Estadual de Maringa.

References

Andersen, S. & Ronglan, L. (2012). Nordic elite sport: same ambitions - different tracks. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

Berry, R. & Manoli, A. E. (2018) Alternative revenue streams for centrally funded sport governing bodies, International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10:3, 429-450, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2017.1387587

Bergsgard, N.A., Houlihan, B., Mangset, P., Nødland, S. I. & Rommetvedt, H. (2007). Sport policy: A comparative analysis of stability and change. Oxford: Elsevier.

Brasil (1998). Lei n. 9.615 de 24 de março de 1998. Institui normas gerais sobre desportos e dá outras providências. Congresso Nacional. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9615consol.htm. Acesso em 20 de dezembro de 2019.

Brasil (2006). Lei nº 11.438 de 29 de dezembro de 2006. Dispõe sobre incentivos e benefícios para fomentar as atividades de caráter desportivo e dá outras providências. Congresso Nacional. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2006/Lei/L11438.htm. Acesso em 12 de dezembro de 2019.

Canan, F., Rojo, J., & Starepravo, F. (2019). Direito ao esporte: possibilidades a partir de políticas multicêntricas, regulatórias e redistributivas. Pensar a Prática, 22. https://doi.org/10.5216/rpp.v22.55426

Chapman, P. (2019). Policy Stability in a Time of Turbulence: The Case of Elite Sport Policy in England/the UK. https://hdl.handle.net/2134/16219.

Coghlan, J. F. & Webb, I. M. (1990) Sport and British Politics Since 1960, Basingstoke: The Falmer Press.

Collins, M. (2008). Public policies on sports development: Can mass and elite sport hold together? In V. Girginov (Ed.), Management of sports development. Oxford: Elsevier, 59 - 88.

Collins, M. (2010) ‘The development of Sport Development’ In: Collins M. (ed.). Examining Sports Development, Abingdon: Routledge, 14 - 41.

Couto, A. C., Couto, M., Boschi, C. & Lemos, K. (2013). Brazil. In: Hallmann, K., and Petry, K., eds. Comparative sport development: Systems, participation and public policy (Sports Economics, Management & Policy 8). New York, NY: Springer Science, 301-310.

Davis, G. F. & Cobb, J. (2010). Resource Dependence Theory: Past and future. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 28 21-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X(2010)0000028006

De Bosscher, V. (2016). A mixed methods approach to compare elite sport policies of nations. A critical reflection on the use of composite indicators in the Spliss study. Sport in Society, 21 (2), 331–355. doi:10.1080/17430437.2016.1179729

De Bosscher, V, Shibli, S., Westerbeek, H. & Van Bottenburg, M. (2015). Successful elite sport policies: an international comparison of the sports policy factors leading to international sporting success (SPLISS 2.0) in 15 nations. Maidenhead: Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK).

Dowling, M., Brown, F., Legg, D. & Grix, J. (2018). Deconstructing comparative sport policy analysis: assumptions, challenges, and new directions, International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10:4, 687-704, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2018.1530276

Ebbinghaus, B. (2005). When less is more: selection problems in large-N and small-N cross-national comparisons. International Sociology, 20 (2), 133–152. doi:10.1177/0268580905052366

Girginov, V. (2017). UK: England — National Governing Bodies of Sport and Government Agencies. In: Scheerder, J., Willem, A. and Claes, E. (2017). Sport policy systems and sport federations: a cross-national perspective / Jeroen Scheerder, Annick Willem, Elien Claes, eds. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.

Giulianotti, R., Itkonen, H., Nevala, A. & Salmikangas, A.K. (2019). Sport and civil society in the Nordic region. Sport in Society, 22:4, 540-554, DOI: 10.1080/17430437.2017.1390906

Giulianotti, R. & Robertson, R. (2007). Sport and globalization: transnational dimensions. Global Networks, 7 (2), pp. 107-112.

Gratton, C., Taylor, P. & Rowe, N. (2013). UK: England. In: Hallmann, K., and Petry, K., eds. Comparative sport development: Systems, participation and public policy (Sports Economics, Management & Policy 8). New York, NY: Springer Science, 167-180.

Green, M. (2004). Changing policy priorities for sport in England: the emergence of elite sport development as a key policy concern, Leisure Studies, 23:4, 365-385, DOI: 10.1080/0261436042000231646

Green, M. (2007). Olympic glory or grassroots development?: Sport policy priorities in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, 1960 – 2006. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 24:7, 921-953, DOI: 10.1080/09523360701311810

Green, M. & Houlihan, B. (2005) Elite Sport Development: Policy learning and political priorities, Abingdon: Routledge.

Groeneveld, M. (2009). European Sport Governance, Citizens, And The State. Public Management Review, 11:4, 421-440, doi. 10.1080/14719030902989516

Hallmann, K. & Petry, K. (eds.), (2013). Comparative sport development: Systems, participation and public policy (Sports Economics, Management & Policy 8). New York, NY: Springer Science.

Henry, I. (2009). European models of sport: Governance, organisational change and sport policy in the EU. Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts & Sciences, 50, 41–52. Doi. 10.15057/18054

Houlihan, B. (1991). The Government and Politics of Sport, London: Routledge

Houlihan, B. (1997). Sport, Policy and Politics: A comparative analysis, London: Routledge

Houlihan, B. (2000). Sporting excellence, schools and sport development: The politics of crowded policy spaces, European Physical Education Review, 6 (2), 171 - 193

Houlihan, B. & Green, M. (eds.) (2008). Comparative Elite Sport Development: systems, Structures and Public Policy, Oxford: Elsevier.

Houlihan, B. & White, A. (2002). The Politics of Sports Development: Development of Sport or Development Through Sport? Abingdon: Routledge.

Jeffreys, K. (2012). Sport and Politics in Modern Britain: The Road to 2012, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Keech & Nauright (2016). The Organisation of Sport in the United Kingdom. In: Zhang, J., Nauright, J. & Huang, R. (eds.) (2016). Development of the Sport Industry in Leading Economies, Edition: 1: Shanghai University of Sport Press.

Kendall, J. (2010). The Limits and Possibilities of Third Sector Europeanization. Journal of Civil Society, 6:1, 39-65, DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2010.481937

King, N. (2009) Sport Policy and Governance: Local Perspectives. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.

Lexology (2019). Sports Law in the United Kingdom. Disponível em https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=7cc100e9-382e-4013-b1a0-8499c6889c0e. Acesso em 06 de janeiro de 2020.

Lucidarme, S., Babiak, K. and Willem, A. (2018). Governmental power in elite sport networks: a resource-dependency perspective. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18:3, 348-372, DOI: 10.1080/16184742.2017.1405998

Mazzei, Leandro Carlos; de Barros Meira, Tatiana; da Cunha Bastos, Flávia; Silveira Böhme, Maria Tereza & De Bosscher, Veerle (2015). High performance sport in Brazil: Structure and policies comparison with the international context. Gestión y Política Pública. Volumen temático 2015, 83-111. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29265/gypp.v0i0.120

Fernando Marinho Mezzadri, Marcelo Moraes e Silva, Katiuscia Mello Figuêroa & Fernando Augusto Starepravo (2015). Sport Policies in Brazil. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 7:4, 655-666, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2014.937737

Nicholson, M., Hoye, R. & Houlihan, B. (eds.) (2011). Participation in sport: International policy perspectives, Routledge, Abingdon.

Ons (2019). Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Disponível em https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp. Acesso em 07 de janeiro, 2020.

Parnell, D., May, A., Widdop, P., Cope, E. & Bailey, R. (2019). Management strategies of non-profit community sport facilities in an era of austerity. European Sport Management Quarterly, 19:3, 312-330, DOI: 10.1080/16184742.2018.1523944

Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.

Roan, D. & Nathanson, P. (2018). UK Sport accused of 'bullying' over funding by ex-BBSA directors. Disponivel em https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/winter-sports/46322091. Acesso em 10 de janeiro, 2020.

Salamon, L. M. & Flaherty, S. L. Q. (1996). “Nonprofit Law: Ten Issues In Search of Resolution.” Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, no. 20, edited by Lester M. Salamon and Helmut K. Anheier. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies.

Scheerder, J., Willem, A. & Claes, E. (eds.) (2017). Sport policy systems and sport federations: a cross-national perspective / Jeroen Scheerder, Annick Willem, Elien Claes, eds. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.

Shapiro, S. P. (2005). Agency Theory. Annual Review of Sociology 2005 31:1, 263-284.

Simaens, A. & Koster, M. (2013). Reporting on sustainable operations by third sector organizations: A signalling approach. Public Management Review,15:7, 1040-1062, DOI: 10.1080/14719037.2012.757350

Skille, E. A. (2015). Community and sport in Norway: between state sport policy and local sport clubs. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 7:4, 505-518, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2014.940998

Somerville, P. & Haines, N. (2008). Prospects for Local Co-Governance. Local Government Studies, 34:1, 61-79, DOI: 10.1080/03003930701770488

Sport England (2019a). Results from our latest survey also show inactivity rates decreasing, but stubborn inequalities still remain. Disponível em https://www.sportengland.org/news-and-features/news/2019/april/11/record-numbers-of-people-in-england-are-getting-active/. Acesso em 15 de dezembro de 2019.

Sport England (2019b). SPORTS THAT WE RECOGNISE: There is a vast range of activities that people might class as sports. Disponível em https://www.sportengland.org/our-work/national-governing-bodies/sports-that-we-recognise/. Acesso em 11 de outubro de 2019.

Sport England (2019c). Local Contacts. Disponível em https://www.sportengland.org/about-us/local-contacts/. Acesso em 17 de outubro de 2019.

Sport England (2019d). Local Contacts. Disponível em https://www.sportengland.org/about-us/. Acesso em 17 de outubro de 2019.

Starepravo, F. A., Canan, F. & Santos, L. L. S. R. (2017). A Panorama on Sports Policies in Brazil. In: Kyros, R. and Lott, M. eds. Public Policy and Social Change: perspectives, challenges and future directions. 1ed.New York: Nova Science Publishers, 63-88.

Stephenson, M. (2013). The third sector and the governance of education. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 45:4, 370-384, DOI: 10.1080/00220620.2013.822351

Tacon, R. & Hanson, A. (2011). Sport policy and the structure of sport in the UK. In: Hassan, D. (org.) (2011). Managing Sport Business: An Introduction. 2 edition. Routledge.

Thing, L. F. & Ottesen, L. (2010). The autonomy of sports: negotiating boundaries between sports governance and government policy in the Danish welfare state. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2:2, 223-235, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2010.488070

UK (1995). Sport: Raising the Game. London: Department of National Hertitage.

UK (2015). Sporting Future: A New Strategy for an Active Nation. London: Cabinet Office.

UK Sports (2019). Faqs. Disponível em https://www.uksport.gov.uk/about-us/faqs. Acesso em 17 de outubro de 2019.

Vos, S., Wicker, P., Breuer, C. & Scheerder, J. (2013). Sports policy systems in regulated Rhineland welfare states: similarities and differences in financial structures of sports clubs. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 5:1, 55-71, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2012.657665

Walker, C. M & Hayton, J. W. (2018). An analysis of third sector sport organisations in an era of ‘super-austerity’. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10:1, 43-61, DOI: 10.1080/19406940.2017.1374296

Walters, G., Tacon, R. & Trenberth, L. (2011) The Role of the Board in UK National Governing Bodies of Sport, London: Birkbeck Sport Business Centre

World Bank (2019). Urban Population. Disponível em https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Acesso em 17 de outubro de 2019.

Published

2021-04-05

How to Cite

Starepravo, F. A., & Piggin, J. (2021). United Kingdom’s Sport System: Dynamics, Functioning and Reflections for Brazil. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, 10(1), 29–55. https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v10i1.16400

Issue

Section

Artigos