Analysis of the impact of involvement and perceived prestige on the satisfaction and loyalty of São paulo Futebol Clube fans

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v12i3.21888

Keywords:

Behavioural intent, Football, Loyalty, Sports Marketing, Satisfaction

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aims to analyze the motivations that São Paulo Futebol Clube supporters have to continue consuming and relating to the club, despite negative sporting results.
Methodology/approach: Based on similar studies in the scientific literature, satisfaction and loyalty were the central constructs that guided this study. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, adding to a total of 433 valid responses. To analyze the results, the Partial Least Squares Method (PLS) was used to develop the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The model allowed to measure the impacts of prestige and involvement with the club on the intention and when they are mediated by loyalty and satisfaction.
Originality/Relevance: Academic publications on sports marketing, specifically involving football, are recent and disproportionate to the popularity of the sport in Brazil. The behavior of Brazilian fans is a topic that has not been much explored. The way the research was conducted and analyzed is innovative. The relationships between the analyzed variables have not yet been studied.
Main Results: The research brought empirical evidence of the importance of prestige perceived by the fan, for the maintenance of their loyalty to the club. It also showed that the involvement that the fan has with the club influences, directly and positively, the intention to consume the club brand extensions. Involvement and loyalty explain the intention to continue “consuming” the experiences promoted by the club, even if satisfaction with performance in matches and championships is low.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: The research expanded the concept of loyalty in the context of sports marketing, especially in relation to football clubs, which differs from the traditional concept in marketing. It can be seen that loyalty, in football, is not necessarily the result of satisfaction. There are other ingredients that can guarantee loyalty in periods of dissatisfaction with the club's performance (perceived prestige and involvement).

CROSSMARK_Color_horizontal.svg

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Sheila Farias Alves Garcia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP

Departamento de Economia Rural/Área de Marketing Possui doutorado em Administração de Empresas pela Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo - FEA/USP (2007), mestrado em Administração de Empresas pela Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (1998) e graduação em Comunicação Social, com habilitação em Publicidade e Propaganda e concentração em Marketing, pela Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing (1987). Atualmente é professora assistente doutora da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal. Tem experiência na área de Administração, com ênfase em Marketing, Comunicação, Vendas, Negociação e Internacionalização.

André Calabrez Hilf de Moraes , Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP

Bacharel em Administração pela Unesp.

References

Abosag, I., Roper, S., & Hind, D. (2012). Examining the relationship between brand emotion and brand extension among supporters of professional football clubs. European Journal of Marketing, 46 (9), 1233-1251. doi.org/10.1108/03090561211247810

Abrams, D., Hogg, M. A. (1990). An introduction to the social identity approach. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds), Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances (pp. 1-9). London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.

Ajzen, I. (2008). Consumer attitudes and behavior. In C. P. Haugtvedt; P. M. Herr; F. R. Kardes (Eds.), Handbook of consumer psychology (pp. 525-548). New York: Taylor & Francis Group/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Alzoubi, H., Alshurideh, M., Al Kurdi, B., & Inairat, M. (2020). Do perceived service value, quality, price fairness and service recovery shape customer satisfaction and delight? A practical study in the service telecommunication context. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 8 (3), 579-588. doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2020.2.005

Areias; J. H. (2007). Uma bela jogada: 20 anos de marketing esportivo. Rio de Janeiro: Outras Letras.

Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social Identity Theory and the Organization. The Academy of Management Review, 14 (1), 20-39. doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4278999

Bastos, F. C. (2016). Gestão do Esporte no Brasil: reflexões sobre avanços, limites e desafios/ Flávia da Cunha Bastos – São Paulo: [s:n], 92p. doi.org/10.11606/T.39.2019.tde-17062019-123621

Bee, C. C., & Havitz, M. E. (2010). Exploring the relationship between involvement, fan attraction, psychological commitment and behavioural loyalty in a sports spectator context. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 11 (2), 37-54. doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-02-2010-B004

Bhattacharya, C. B., Rao, H., & Glynn, M.A. (1995). Understanding the Bond of Identification: An Investigation of Its Correlates among Art Museum Members. Journal of Marketing, 59 (4), 16-57. doi.org/10.1177/-002224299505900404

Bido, D. S., & Da Silva, D. (2019). SmartPLS 3: especificação, estimação, avaliação e relato. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 20 (2), 488-536. doi.org/10.13058/raep.2019.v20n2.1545

Biscaia, R., Correia, A., Rosado, A., Maroco, J., & Ross, S. (2012). The effects of emotions on football spectators’ satisfaction and behavioural intentions. European Sport Management Quarterly, 12 (3), 227-242. doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2012.679949

Carlson, B. D., Donavan, D. T., & Cumiskey, K. J. (2009). Consumer-brand relationships in sport: brand personality and identification. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 37 (4), 370-384. doi.org/10.1108/09590550910948592

Chin W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. Modern Methods For Business Research (pp. 296-336) New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc,.

Cavalcanti, B. P. (2021). É do Brasil... análise das publicações nacionais entre os anos de 2000 e 2021 sobre marketing esportivo. 21 p. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Administração) – Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/33328

Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J.; Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in Reflected Glory: Three (Football) Field Studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34 (3), 366-375. doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.34.3.366

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2. ed.). New York: Psychology Press.

Costa, F. J.; Rocha, M. C. L.; Oliveira, D. M. (2008). A Identificação do Torcedor de Futebol com o Seu Time: Seus Antecedentes e Suas Conseqüências para os Patrocinadores. III Encontro de Marketing da ANPAD, Curitiba. http://www.anpad.org.br/eventos.php?cod_evento=2&cod_edicao_subsecao=357&cod_evento_edicao=37&cod_edicao_trabalho=8301

Cvijikj, I. P., & Michahelles, F. (2013). Online engagement factors on Facebook brand pages. Soc. Netw. Anal. Min. 3, 843-861. doi.org/10.1007/s13278-013-0098-8

Cyr, D. (2008) Modeling Web Site Design Across Cultures: Relationships to Trust, Satisfaction, and E-Loyalty, Journal of Management Information Systems, 24 (4), 47-72. doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240402

DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: theory and applications. (4. ed.) Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.

Dukerich, J. M., Golden, B. R., & Shortell, S. M. (2002). Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Organizational Identification, Identity, and Image on the Cooperative Behaviors of Physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47 (3), 507-533. doi.org/10.2307/3094849

Espartel, L. B., Müller Neto, H. F., & Pompiani, A. E. M. (2009). “Amar é ser fiel a quem nos trai”: A relação do torcedor com seu time de futebol. Organizações & Sociedades, 16 (48), 59-80. doi.org/10.1590/S1984-92302009000100003

Fisher, R. J., & Wakefield, K. (1998). Factors Leading to Group Identification: A Field Study of Winners and Losers. Psychology & Marketing, 15 (1), 23-40. doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199801)15:1<23::AID-MAR3>3.0.CO;2-P

Fornell. C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unresolvable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. doi.org/10.1177%2F002224378101800313

Fornell, C., Johnson, E. M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60, (4), 7-18. doi.org/10.1177%2F002224299606000403

García, C. (2011). Real Madrid Football Club: Applying a Relationship-Management Model to a Sport Organization in Spain. International Journal of Sport Communication, 4, 284-299. doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.4.3.284

Gwinner, K., & Swanson, S. R. (2003). A model of fan identification: antecedents and sponsorship outcomes. Journal of Services Marketing, 17 (3), 275-294. doi.org/10.1108/08876040310474828

Hair JR, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. 7. ed. Pearson Education.

Hair JR, J. F., Gabriel, M. L. D. S., Patel, V. K., (2014). Modelagem de Equações Estruturais basead em Covariância (CB-SEM) Com O AMOS: Orientações Sobre A Sua Aplicação Como uma Ferramenta de Pesquisa de Marketing. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13 (2), 44-55. doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i2.2718

Hair JR, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Heetae, C., Hyun-woo, L., & Do Young, P. (2018). The influence of stadium environment on attendance intentions in spectator sport: The moderating role of team loyalty. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 20 (2), 276-290. doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-04-2017-0025

Hunt, K.A., Bristol, T., & Bashaw, R.E. (1999). A conceptual approach to classifying sports fans. Journal of Services Marketing, 13 (6), 439–452. doi.org/10.1108/08876049910298720

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2020). Síntese de indicadores sociais: uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira: 2020. Retrieved from https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101760.pdf

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2021). Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios – PNAD contínua.

IBOPE REPUCOM. (2020). 2020 atinge volume recorde de 22 milhões de novas inscrições nas redes dos clubes de futebol: TikTok impulsiona o acumulado das novas inscrições dos clubes nas redes sociais e o acumulado entre janeiro e novembro de 2020 já supera a série histórica. Retrieved from https://www.iboperepucom.com/br/rankings/ranking-digital-dos-clubes-brasileiros-dez-2020/

Kapferer, J.N. (1998). Why are we seduced by luxury brands?. Journal of Brand Management, 6 (1), 44-49. doi.org/10.1057/bm.1998.43

Kapferer, J.N., Klippert, C., & Leproux, L. (2014). Does luxury have a minimum price? An exploratory study into consumers’ psychology of luxury prices. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 13 (1), 2-11. doi.org/10.1057/rpm.2013.34

Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., Setiawan, I. (2017). Marketing 4.0: Moving from Traditional to Digital. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2019). 15ª ed. Administração de marketing (SM Yamamoto, Trad.). São Paulo: Pearson Universidades.

LANCE!. (2021). Líder do Brasileirão, Flamengo também encabeça ranking de camisas mais procuradas e vendidas: Levantamento da OLX lista os dez clubes que tiveram maior procura e venda de camisas em janeiro de 2021. Retrieved from https://www.lance.com.br/flamengo/lider-brasileirao-tambem-encabeca-ranking-camisas-mais-procuradas-vendidas.html.

Machado, J. C., Martins, C.C., Ferreira, F. C., Silva, S. C. E, & Duarte, P. A. (2019). Motives to engage with sports brands on Facebook and Instagram–The case of a Portuguese football club. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 21 (2), 325-349. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-06-2019-0066

Martín, F. V., Toledo, L.D., & Palos-Sanchez, P. (2020). How deep is your love? Brand love analysis applied to football teams, International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 21 (4), 669-693. doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-10-2019-0112

Matias, W. B., Rocha, C. C., & Mascarenhas, F. (2020). Atividades físicas e esportivas no Brasil e Espanha: análise comparada. Corpoconsciência, 24 (2), 42-56. Retrieved from https://periodicoscientificos.ufmt.br/ojs/index.php/corpoconsciencia/article/view/1050

Mayasari, I., Wiadi, I. (2021). Purchasing Massive Prestige Brands: The Exploration of Consumers’ Value Perceptions. ASEAN Marketing Journal: 9 (1). doi.org/10.21002/amj.v9i1.4447

Melo Neto, F. P. (2013). Marketing esportivo: o valor do esporte no século XXI. Rio de Janeiro: BestSeller.

Monteiro, P. R. R., Dias, P. S., & Carvalho, L. C. (2019). Amor à marca no marketing esportivo: proposição de um modelo relacional dos vínculos emocionais e afetivos nos programas sócio torcedor. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 18 (2), 55-79. doi.org/10.5585/remark.v18i2.3752

Moraes, I. F. (2017). Marketing esportivo no futebol: produção e publicação acadêmica brasileira. Revista Intercontinental de Gestão Desportiva, 7 (2), 193-213. Retrieved from http://www.revista.universo.edu.br/index.php?journal=gestaoesportiva&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=8376

Morgan, M. J., & Summers, J. (2008). Marketing esportivo. São Paulo: Thomson Learning.

Muntinga, D. G, Moorman, M., & Smit, E. G. (2011). Introducing COBRAs. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communications, 30 (1), 13-46. doi.org/10.2501/IJA-30-1-013-046

Oliver, R. L. (1977). Effect of expectation and disconfirmation on postexposure product evaluations: An alternative interpretation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 480–486. doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.62.4.480

Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 174 (4), 460-469. doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405

Oliver, R. L., Bearden, W. O. (1985). Disconfirmation processes and consumer evaluations in product usage, Journal of Business Research, 13 (3), 235-246 doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(85)90029-3

Oliver, R. L., DeSarbo, W. S. (1988) Response Determinants in Satisfaction Judgments, Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (4), 495–507. doi.org/10.1086/209131

Oliver, R. L. (1993) Cognitive, Affective, and Attribute Bases of the Satisfaction Response, Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (3), 418–430. doi.org/10.1086/209358

Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63, 33–44. doi.org/10.2307/1252099

Oliver, R. L. (2010). Satisfaction: a behavioral perspective on the consumer (2. ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill.

Paul, R. J., Wachsman, Y., & Weinbach, A. P. (2011). The Role of Uncertainty of Outcome and Scoring in the Determination of Fan Satisfaction in the NFL. Journal of Sports Economics, 12 (2), 213-221. doi.org/10.1177/1527002510376789

Pereira, L. F., Pessôa, L. A. G. P., Ferreira, J. B., & Giovannini, C. J. (2014). O Torcedor-Consumidor: Identificação com os Clubes e Barreiras para a Adoção. XXXVIII Encontro da ANPAD, Rio de Janeiro. http://www.anpad.org.br/eventos.php?cod_evento=1&cod_edicao_subsecao=1084&cod_evento_edicao=73&cod_edicao_trabalho=17784

Rein, I., Kotler, P., & Shields B. (2006). The elusive fan: reinventing sports in a crowded marketplace. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.

Ringle, C. M., Da Silva, D., & Bido, D. (2014). Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com Utilização do SmartPLS. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13(2), 56-73. doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i2.2717

Rodrigues, R. B., Sousa, C. V., Fagundes, A. F. A. (2018). Aspectos Emocionais e Experienciais Influenciadores da Ida do Torcedor aos Estádios de Futebol de Belo Horizonte-MG. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 17 (1), 31-48. doi.org/10.5585/remark.v17i1.3490

Rogers, P., Fagundes, A. F. A., Marques, E. H. C. S. (2022). Torcedor-consumidor ou amante egoísta? Análise da influência de fatores comportamentais e do time sobre o consumo de torcedores de clubes de futebol brasileiro. Anais do 46º Encontro da ANPAD, on-line. http://www.anpad.org.br

Santana, E. E. P. (2009) O amor à marca e seu relacionamento com algumas variáveis que o antecedem e o sucedem: Um estudo sob a ótica de torcedores-consumidores de times de futebol brasileiros. 174p. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/21407

Santos, T. O., Correia, A., Biscaia, R., & Pegoraro, A. (2018). Examining fan engagement through social networking sites. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 20 (1), 163-183. doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-05-2016-0020

Sellitto, C., & Phonthanukitithaworn, C. (2017). Facebook as a second screen: An influence on sport consumer satisfaction and behavioral intention. Telematics and Informatics, 34 (8), 1477-1487. doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.06.011

Smith, L. R., Pegoraro, A., & Cruikshank, S. A. (2019) Tweet, Retweet, Favorite: The Impact of Twitter Use on Enjoyment and Sports Viewing. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 63 (1), 94-110. doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2019.1568805

SPORTSVALUE. (2020). Avaliação econômica dos clubes brasileiros 2020. Retrieved from http://www.sportsvalue.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sports-Value-Valuation-Top-30-clubes-Brasil-Dez-2020.pdf

Stavros, C., Meng, M. D., Westberg, K., & Farrely, F. (2013). Understanding fan motivation for interacting on social media. Sport Management Review, 17 (4), 455-469. doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2013.11.004

Stefanini, C. J., Alves, C. A., & Marques, R. B. (2018). Vamos almoçar? Um estudo da relação hospitalidade, qualidade em serviços e marketing de experiência na satisfação dos clientes de restaurantes. Revista Brasileira De Pesquisa Em Turismo, 12(1), 57–79. doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v12i1.1372

Stevens, S., & Rosenberger; P. J. (2012). The influence of involvement, following sport and fan identification on fan loyalty: an Australian perspective. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 13 (3), 57-71. doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-13-03-2012-B006

Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behavior. Social Science Information, 13 (2), 65-93. doi.org/10.1177/053901847401300204

Tapp, A. (2004). The loyalty of football fans — We’ll support you evermore?. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 11 (3), 203-215. doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.dbm.3240221

Theobald, R. R., Santos, M. J., Brambilla, F. R., Eberle, L. (2020). Sentimentos e Emoções dos torcedores de Futebol. Revista Eletrônica de Administração e Turismo, 14 (2), 183-202. doi.org/10.15210/reat.v14i2.18385

Trivedi, J. (2020). Effect of corporate image of the sponsor on brand love and purchase intentions: The moderating role of sports involvement. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 30 (2), 188-209. doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2020.1717978

Tsiotsou, R. H. (2013). Sport team loyalty: integrating relationship marketing and a hierarchy of effects. Journal of Services Marketing, 27 (6), 458-471. doi.org/10.1108/JSM-01-2012-0002

Wachelke, J F. R., Andrade, A. L., Tavares, L., & Neves, J. R. L. L. (2008). Mensuração da identificação com times de futebol: evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna de duas escalas. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 60 (1),96-111. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=229017544009

Wang, R.T., Zhang, J.J., & Tsuji, Y. (2011). Examining fan motives and loyalty for the Chinese Professional Baseball League in Taiwan. Sport Management Review 14 (4), 347-369. doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2010.12.001

Published

2023-12-07

How to Cite

Garcia, S. F. A., Moraes , A. C. H. de, Galli, L. C. do L. A., & Silva, D. da. (2023). Analysis of the impact of involvement and perceived prestige on the satisfaction and loyalty of São paulo Futebol Clube fans. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, 12(3), 396–438. https://doi.org/10.5585/podium.v12i3.21888

Issue

Section

Artigos

Most read articles by the same author(s)