Antecedentes da arborização urbana à caminhabilidade:
um estudo exploratório no Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5585/geas.v12i2.23476Palavras-chave:
Arborização Urbana, Vegetação Urbana, Mobilidade Ativa, CaminhabilidadeResumo
Objetivo do Estudo: Este estudo investiga se morar em uma casa cercada por árvores estimula a caminhada no contexto brasileiro. Buscamos a correlação entre o Índice de Cobertura Arbórea (ICA) no entorno do domicílio de cada participante e suas caminhadas semanais realizadas. Além disso, analisamos a correlação entre a percepção do participante sobre a caminhabilidade do bairro e o ICA em cinco dimensões: infra-estrutura para caminhada, segurança do crime, segurança de pedestres/trânsito, conectividade às ruas e acesso aos serviços.
Metodologia: Nove bairros foram selecionados; 3.042 participantes responderam a um questionário presencial, “Escala de mobilidade ativa no ambiente comunitário” (NEWS). As características ambientais individualizadas para o ambiente doméstico de cada participante foram calculadas com ferramentas de geoprocessamento.
Originalidade/Relevância: A promoção da mobilidade urbana ativa reduz as emissões de gases de efeito de estufa nas cidades, o que por sua vez contribui para a mitigação dos efeitos das alterações climáticas. Uma cidade arborizada pode criar um ambiente mais caminhável, uma associação que carece de evidências empíricas na América do Sul.
Principais Resultados: Os resultados indicam que as características socioeconômicas do bairro exercem influência significativa nas predições do ICA sobre a percepção de caminhabilidade. Notavelmente, a presença de árvores fez com que os participantes que moram em bairros formais percebessem seu ambiente como mais seguro contra o crime. Além disso, níveis mais altos de ICA diminuem a percepção de serviços disponíveis em bairros de baixa e alta renda devido às áreas verdes mais inacessíveis.
Contribuições: Por fim, é pertinente que os órgãos de planejamento urbano reconheçam a contribuição das árvores para a qualidade de vida em geral, ampliando o conceito de “arborização urbana” para contemplar o impacto social e econômico da arborização urbana.
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