Evaluative periods: a state of the art by linguistic bias applied

Abstract

In this study we draw a historical perspective of the evaluation, taking into accountthe evaluative periods. The pre-scientific period, the language is understood as a system, there is the presence of the grammar-translation method and the direct method. The assessment is determined by the translation exercises of texts and explanations of grammar rules. Psychometric- structuralist period, language is understood by its structural forms, as well, the assessment is seen as objective and neutral, made through standardized tests for modification of the habits of the students. Psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic period, language is understood as a means of communication, therefore, they evaluate the four language skills, emphasis is placed on learning the language through real situations of use. Finally, communication-metacognitive period, the construction of knowledge develops through social relations in a given social, historical and cultural, where assessment is a mediating, questioning instrument of the teaching-learning process.