A educação pensada a partir de cinco abordagens filosóficas: Positivismo, Fenomenologia, Marxismo, Existencialismo e Estruturalismo

Education thought from five philosophical approaches: Positivism, Phenomenology, Marxism, Existentialism and Structuralism

Abstract

Every educational practice and theory has an underlying fundamental philosophical framework or, more commonly, a combination of two or three philosophical currents. Therefore, this article aims to describe five important philosophical tendencies in Western thought and how they support contemporary pedagogical readings, studies and positions. The theoretical constructions elaborated here results of a bibliographic research, highlighting the main principles and some precursors of each current, as well as their limitations. Finally, the text presents some influences of these approaches on some contemporary pedagogical practices in Occident and, particularly, in Brazil. Roughly, Positivism was essential to development of Technicist Pedagogy, Phenomenology to Waldorf Pedagogy, Marxism to Pedagogy of Liberation, Existentialism to New School Movement and Structuralism to Constructivism.